The impact of cash-benefit reform on parents’ labour force participation

This paper evaluates the impact of a recent Norwegian family-policy reform. The reform provides benefits of up to NOK 3,000 (approximately € 400) per month to families with one- to three-year-old children, who do not utilize state-subsidized day-care centres. We investigate the reforms effect on parents labour force participation. We find that, on average, the reform reduced womens labour force participation and increased the specialization of work between couples. We find that the effect of the reform depends on womens schooling. Specifically, the labour force participation of highly educated mothers fell by more than that of mothers with less education.I am grateful to Associate Professor Espen Bratberg and Professor Alf Erling for their valuable comments. My special thanks to Kjell Vaage, Arild Aakvik and Afsane Bjorvatn for helpful suggestions. This paper was presented in a seminar at the Department of Economics, University of Bergen, Norway. I am thankful to the participants of the seminar for their positive feedback. The paper has also benefited from the reports given by three anonymous referees. I am also thankful to Professor Heather Joshi for helpful remarks on the paper. Responsible editor: Christoph M. Schmidt.     

支持高新技术产业发展的公共财政政策研究

高新技术产业具有显著的外部性、高风险性、不确定性和高投入性,这决定了政府和公共财政介入高新技术产业发展的必要性。财税政策既可为高新技术产业的发展提供动力机制,促进高新技术产业良性运行机制的形成,也能够缓减高新技术产业发展中的约束机制。重点从两个方面研究了促进我国高新技术产业发展的财政政策和税收政策的抉择。     

我国文化体制的缘起、演进和改革对策

传统文化体制是一种管办不分的事业型体制。政府部门兼有"公共文化管理"和"政府出资人代理人"的双重职能,由此导致了改革激励机制扭曲,一些理论上被证明是有效的改革措施在操作过程中"变味"。深化文化体制改革,还必须从理论创新入手,从文化体制设计的源头上解开改革过程中的一些"死扣"难题。     

论西汉对匈奴政策的演变

西汉对匈奴政策的演变大致经历了四个阶段。汉武帝元光二年(公元前133年)以前,基本上实行与匈奴"和亲"的政策;此后十多年间,试图通过军事打击以制服匈奴;漠北之战以后,又代之以政治招抚为主、军事威慑为辅的策略;汉武帝以后,汉王朝对匈奴实行了较为宽松的"羁縻"政策,汉匈双方虽有君臣名分,实为兄弟之国。西汉对匈奴政策的演变,是与其内外形势的变化和汉匈双方的力量消长密切相关的。     

A New Era in Governmental Reform: Realizing Community

The good government models of the 1990s realized a focus that included reinventing, reengineer-ing, rethinking, quality, empowerment, and devolution of the organization. These organizational reform ideologies sought to increase involvement, improve productivity, manage performance, and drive results. One essential key that has been disregarded in these government models is the involvement of community in the decision-making process. This paper points to the importance of involving and empowering citizens in the decision-making process, particularly in regard to community justice based on the notion of restorative justice system. Community justice, a modern day reform movement with international proportions, is based on the principles of empowering community, repairing harm caused by a crime or disturbance, and reducing risk to the community.     

加快人力资源开发 保障学校持续发展

人力资源与知识资本是衡量高校整体竞争实力的重要标志.当前,加快高校人力资源开发,合理配置人本资源,才能更好地促进高校的可持续发展.为此,要转变人事管理的传统观念,确立"以人为本"的新理念;转变人事部门的传统角色,确立"服务于人"的职责;转变长期来沿袭计划经济体制的管理模式,实行全员聘任与激励机制相配套的人力资源开发管理模式.     

朝鲜战争中美国"战争局部化"政策的形成

朝鲜战争期间,美国的军事干涉经历了一个复杂的变化过程,即从1950年6月25日战争爆发后,美国政府决定将军事千预的目标确定为使朝鲜半岛恢复到6月25日以前的状态,后在军事胜利的影响下于9月底决定用武力统一朝鲜,再到中国人民志愿军连续发起三次战役后,美国政府内部经过反复讨论、权衡,终于下决心推行"战争局部化"的政策,并最终决定与中朝军队进行停战谈判.通过分析,揭示了从中国参战到1951年6月美国提出举行停战谈判这一时期的美国战争决策过程和影响美国决策的主要因素.     

商鞅变法得失新析

商鞅变法是战国时期最为彻底的一次封建化改革活动。这次变法既有值得后来改革者认真总结和借鉴的一系列成功的宝贵经验,也有不少极为沉重的历史教训。     

“经济开发区热”现象的解析

文章在回顾改革开放以来中国"经济开发区热"演进的基础上,从税收财政制度、城市建设维护资金筹集制度、行政区划及行政管理权制度等角度分析其中的制度原因,最后,提出治理这一现象的基本思路.     

《土壤肥料学》课程教学改革思考与实践

适应 2 1世纪的人才培养目标要求 ,结合土壤肥料学的教学特点 ,总结教学内容、教学方法、实验课教学和成绩考核方法等几方面的教改工作实践 ,以期有效提高教学质量。