Entrepreneurship in the Swedish municipal polis: the case of Mer [*] Östersund

Scholars in political science and policy studies have been paying increasing attention to a specific kind of actor, the policy entrepreneur, as an agent of change. Less attention has been paid to the contextual factors that may shape entrepreneurial action as most of the extant research is performed in pluralistic systems and in high complexity policy sectors. This is a study of a routine planning process in the municipality of Östersund in Northern Sweden with the purpose of studying the kind of actors that may act entrepreneurially (the who); the kind of strategies they use; and what contextual powers facilitate these strategies (the how). This two-and-a-half-year routine, low-complexity process was analyzed with in-depth interviews and a survey, participant observation, document analysis, and formal social network analysis. Findings suggest that professional administrators acted entrepreneurially by employing a set of six strategies while the members of civil society were central – though not entrepreneurial – participants.     

略论行政决策中的公民参与——以厦门PX项目建设为例

本文以厦门PX项目案例为实证,分析地方政府决策中公民参与的若干有代表性的特征,指出,使公民参与发挥实质性作用,关键在于转变决策者观念,提升参与公众的组织化程度,畅通制度化的表达渠道,降低决策成本。     

论我国行政决策民主化和科学化的制度建设

在我国要实现行政决策的民主化与科学化,就必须在行政决策过程中建立起一套科学合理、行之有效的制度保障机制。一是建立行政决策的民主参与机制,营造良好的决策环境;二是建立科学决策的保障制度,推进行政决策的科学化;三是建立健全我国行政决策民主化与科学化的法治保障机制。     

Network exceptionalism: online action,discourse and the opposition to SOPA and ACTA

Advocacy campaigns opposing the Stop Online Piracy Act and the Anti-counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) illustrate that the dynamics of networked activism have symbolic as well as structural aspects, with implications for scholars and activists who have focused on the coordination possibilities of networks. This paper analyses the creation and movement of discourses of ‘network exceptionalism’ between advocates, online culture and news media. Networks operate functionally to disseminate ideas and link together people participating in social action (e.g. by embedding aspects of discourse in memes, which then propagate ideas swiftly), but also symbolically, inflecting discourses towards a focus on the exceptional – and essential – qualities of the internet. These discourses embed fears about the fragility and indispensability of the internet, as well as thrilling and threatening elements like Anonymous. They are carried by memes that link the structural dynamics of networked activism to the discourses of illness, threat and utility, and gain different inflections through the European campaigns to oppose ACTA. These discourses not only create spaces for discussing and expanding upon the value of the internet to communication rights, but also leave room for interpretations that may undermine these advocacy projects.     

How to get evidence? The role of government–business interaction in evidence-based policy-making for the development of Internet of Things industry in China

This paper provides theoretical bases and a framework to describe the incremental process of macro-level innovation policy-making for emerging industry in China and the role of government–business (G–B) interactions in generating policy-making evidence. By analyzing the decision-making processes of three macro-level innovation policies for the Internet of Things as a mode of industry development, the paper finds that the macro-level innovation policy-making resulted from a gradual sub-issue solving in each of several sub-processes. The specific micro-level policy tools are formed and implemented through G–B interactions to generate evidence, and these processes are gradual and incremental, helping policy-makers to overcome the high levels of uncertainties in emerging industry development. Five interactive approaches in this research are identified: inspections, investigations, soft lobbying, conferences, and cooperation. The patterns of interactions vary with the nature of the innovation policies. Our findings contribute to the evidence-based policy-making perspective, by clarifying the innovation policy-making sub-process and the evidence-generating mechanism of G–B interactions in dealing with emerging industry development uncertainties.     

A new framework for understanding subnational policy-making and local choice

This article presents a new and innovative framework to help analyse policy-making and depoliticisation within subnational governance arrangements. By focusing on the capacity (not the autonomy) of subnational governments to achieve their political objectives, and incorporating external actors along both the vertical and horizontal dimensions, it provides a dynamic tool to understand the extent to which municipal governments influence local policy-making processes. Furthermore, it stresses that greater ‘localism’ (or independence) between vertical tiers of government is likely to weaken subnational bodies and result in them becoming more interdependent with (or even dependent on) horizontal non-state actors within the locality. This would weaken their position in local governance arrangements and exacerbate the depoliticised nature of decision-making.     

我国各区域的投资环境因子分析及政策建议

因子分析法相对其它评价方法而言，它具有客观性和非共线性。选取了投资环境的8大类29个评价指标，对我国的大部分(31个)省级区域进行分析和评价，并根据评价结果提出了相应的政策建议。     

标准市场力与3G标准选择

很多人认为我国电信运营商在3G标准的选择上主要是被动地听从政府安排,但经济全球化以及中国加入WTO后应遵循的准则,要求我国电信运营商在选择3G标准时,应该充分研究3G的标准市场力.本文给出了决定标准市场力的关键因素构成及其对标准市场力的影响,为运营商实施标准选择提供了政策建议.     

我国油气行业监管体系目标设计思考

油气作为重要的战略性资源,关系国计民生,而油气行业由于其自身的技术经济特点,需要在自然垄断环节 和安全环保方面加强监管。基于系统的分析,本文提出了我国油气行业监管体系的目标设计,探索了我国油气行业未 来10 年（2015-2025 年）的监管改革路线图。具体而言,2015-2020 年,抓紧修订和补充有关法律法规,完善目前油 气管理体制和监管体系,改进现行油气行业监管措施,逐步形成“政监合一,内部相对分离”的监管格局;实现油气勘 探开发、进出口、炼油、流通、天然气批发、基础设施建设和服务的公开准入等;2021-2025 年,出台新的法律法规,完 善油气管理体制,采用高级别、集中的能源管理模式,对油气行业实行统一的宏观管理,并按政监分离的原则,组建独 立的、专业化的油气监管机构等。     

公众参与决策的形式和保障——浅谈推动决策科学化民主化

江泽民同志在十六大报告中提出"要改革和完善决策机制……推进决策科学化民主化".决策科学化民主化是离不开公众的参与的.公众参与决策是推进决策民主的必然要求.它主要有五种参与形式和作用.要从法律、制度、参与环境和思想宣传等方面保障公众参与决策,真正实现决策科学化民主化.