A comparison of heritage language ideologies in interaction

In Canada, the notion of a heritage language ideology is often conceived of as a natural by‐product of official multiculturalism. By contrast, Germany has long struggled with its status as a multilingual and multicultural country. By comparing two corpora of interviews with immigrants to each of these two countries (Canadians of German heritage and Germans of Vietnamese heritage), this paper aims to explore to what extent these different language ideologies are reconstructed in the interviews. It will be argued that the interviewees construct different sociolinguistic spaces and take up different positions within them in terms of centre and periphery. Our analysis shows that the German‐Canadian interviewees construct public sociolinguistic spaces in which they position themselves as German even when they do not have an active knowledge of their heritage language. By contrast, despite the monolingual habitus in Germany, the German‐Vietnamese respondents endorse a heritage language ideology; the space they claim for speaking Vietnamese, however, is restricted to private or family conversations.     

20世纪20-30年代德国远东政策亲日倾向刍议

一战以后,魏玛政府鉴于战后德国地位下降、远东出现新的国际关系格局,采取"中立"、"平衡"政策,企图恢复和改善与中国和其他远东国家的关系,重返远东市场;同时,承认日本在远东的霸权,百般迎合其对外扩张欲望,企图争取其在战争赔款、土地划分、裁军等问题上支持自己,具有明显的亲日倾向.希特勒上台后,德国亲日色彩愈加浓厚,1938年后完全撕去"中立"外衣,与日本结成同盟,将人类拖入二战的深渊.     

英、德电信监管机构制度选择

20世纪80年代欧洲国家在公用事业部门纷纷建立监管机构。对此一些学者认为,监管机构的建立是政府角色从积极型向监管型转型所必须的制度要件,一个统一的监管机构模式正在形成。从英、德两国电信监管机构的选择可以发现,英、德两国电信监管制度选择的结果和过程既具有很大的相似性,也存在较多的差异。相似性表现在监管机构模式的选择结果和内、外两种力量影响的选择过程;差异性表现在内、外影响程度不同所导致的监管机构内部组织设计上。这种差异源于两国的公共行政传统,因此实现政策学习与传统继承之间的良好结合,对于公用事业改革的成功意义重大。     

德国新教传教士论义和团运动爆发的原因

义和团运动爆发后,德国新闻媒体纷纷指责基督教新教士的中国传教活动;针对这种指控,德国新教传教士一方面极力为自己的所作所为进行辩护,另一方面也试图找出引发义和团"暴乱"的"真正"原因;他们把所有的责任和罪过都归咎于中国和中国人,并以此论证西方列强对华政策的"正当性"和"合法性"。     

专家对19世纪上半期德国交通政策的影响分析

19世纪上半期,德国的一批专家对政府的交通政策产生了较大的影响。他们给当时奋发向上的市民提供了社会舆论支持,同时他们自己又在更高的舞台上表演。他们在"是否采纳铁路作为交通工具"、"大技术体系"等方面进行了充分的讨论,给政府提供了富有建设性的意见,并由此创造了学者政治的模式。专家们并不谋求直接在政治上发展,而是把自己看成超党派的公众的良心;而政府听取他们的意见,则体现了政府尊重科学的明智之举。     

从斯图加特大学的发展看德国高等教育百年兴衰

结合斯图加特大学的发展简史,论述了近百年来德国高等教育在多变的政治风云中曲折发展的过程。     

Crisis or Adaptation – Reconsidered: A Comparison of East and West German Fertility Patterns in the First Six Years after the ‘Wende'

Like other Eastern Europeancountries, East Germany experienced a rapiddecline in period fertility rates after thefall of communism. This decline has beendiscussed along the lines of a crisis andan adaptation to western demographic patterns. The aim of this paper istwofold. Firstly, we discuss the factors whichfoster and hamper a convergence of fertilitybehaviour in East and West Germany. Secondly,we use data from the German micro-census toanalyse the fertility patterns of the cohortsborn 1961–1970. The main result of ourempirical analysis is that East Germans whowere still childless at the time of unificationare quicker to have their first child in thesubsequent years than comparable West Germans. However, regarding second parity births, thepattern reverses. Here, East Germans display alower transition rate than their counterpartsin the West.     

魔鬼的笔迹(二)--前殖民话语,人种/族类见解和跨文化认同在德国殖民过程中的作用

萨摩亚人———“高贵的野蛮人”在殖民接管的前夜,最有影响的关于萨摩亚人的人种观念即为“高贵的野蛮人”[24](P205232)他者时,人们常常启用高贵的野蛮人这一套话,但这一比喻与其他比喻的不同尚待仔细分析。③我们都熟悉这样的说法:在19世纪社会理论的框架内,法国和苏格兰的启蒙运动把当代的非欧洲人说成是与欧洲人不同步,不是生活在一个时代。①大部分社会进化学说似乎不承认与非西方人有真正的亲族关系,它们也不认为人类的早期发展阶段有什么美德。最有影响的高贵的野蛮人的说法却恰恰相反。在这里,非西方人成了欧洲人的一个早期版本。…     

Intergenerational effects of further vocational training in Germany

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the influence of unemployed parents’ further vocational training on their children’s future apprenticeship and employment opportunities. We focus on households receiving means-tested benefits in Germany and investigate whether parents’ further vocational training helps avoid an intergenerational transmission of unemployment. Parents’ further vocational training can affect children’s future apprenticeship and employment opportunities directly, for instance by raising the value attributed to education and training within the family. Indirect effects via parents’ improved employment opportunities are possible as well. The sample consists of adolescents who were 14–17 years old when their parents participated in a further vocational training programme. We evaluate apprenticeship and employment outcomes for the young adults at ages 17–23 using entropy balancing methods on the basis of rich large-scale register data. Our findings indicate significantly positive effects of parents’ further vocational training on children’s apprenticeship enrolment but non-significant or negative effects on children’s regular employment at young ages. Moreover, mediation analysis gives evidence that these effects are partly mediated via an increase in parents’ own employment opportunities. Overall, our analyses indicate that parents’ further vocational training improves the qualifications of the next generation as well.     

Gay Men's Perspectives on HIV Prevention and Treatment in Berlin,Germany: Lessons for Policy and Prevention

Qualitative data from interviews with gay men in Berlin, Germany were used to identify challenges facing HIV prevention and treatment as well as opportunities to improve them. In 2015, 20 self-identified gay men in Berlin—who had all received HIV prevention services and/or treatment (broadly defined)—participated in 1-on-1 qualitative interviews (30–75 min long). Ages ranged from 24 to 54, 35% self-identified as HIV-positive, and the remainder as HIV-negative. With regard to challenges to HIV prevention, participants highlighted (a) an already high HIV burden among gay men in Berlin and thus a need for doing prevention with positives (test-and-treat, and treatment as prevention); (b) the lack of a universal free condom distribution program; and (c) relaxed attitudes around the seriousness of HIV as a result of HIV treatment optimism. Participants highlighted that although condoms are an effective HIV prevention strategy (and thus certainly an area for focus), HIV prevention campaigns would benefit from updates with regard to embracing a diverse range of biological and behavioral prevention strategies, as well as expanded methods for making access to postexposure prophylaxis and free rapid HIV-antibody testing. This study informs HIV prevention approaches in Berlin, Germany as well as other urban centers where MSM are disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic.