论恩格斯的国有化理论

19世纪70年代以来,恩格斯对资本主义国家出现的企业国有化趋势作出了深刻的分析,阐述了生产社会化与国有化的关系,留下了至今具有许多重要认识价值的思想,也留下了一些需要根据新的事实进一步探讨的问题.所有这些,对于进一步认识中国市场取向改革中的国有制问题将有所帮助.     

Circumcising the body: negotiating difference and belonging in Germany

ABSTRACT

The circumcision debate in Germany in 2012 is an exemplary case for symbolic struggles over national boundaries. The debate became a site for the negotiation of traditions practiced by religious minorities. We ask, first, how the clinical gaze constitutes Muslim and Jewish others. Second, we investigate how ‘writing around’ the debate’s center, bodily integrity, became meaningful through analogies to other practices said to harm it. We compare newspaper coverage in Germany, Israel and Turkey, and reveal transnational discursive dynamics that transgress national boundaries. We show how ‘otherness’ of Muslims and Jews remains present in a self-perceived secular, liberal imaginary.     

Not to Be Hungry Is Not Enough: An Insight Into Contours of Inclusion and Exclusion in Affluent Western Societies

In its view of the contemporary world, social theory—and particularly its postmodern trends and proponents—attributes a dominant role to the realm of consumption and consumerism in shaping both individual lifeworlds and the system of social hierarchies as a whole. In this article, building on the case of middle‐aged to late‐middle‐aged post–Soviet Jewish immigrants in contemporary Germany and illuminating a particular condition that I call “condemned to consume,” I seek to reexamine this tendency to celebrate consumption and consumerism while downplaying and marginalizing realm of work and employment. I interconnect this examination with questions regarding the distribution of resources and the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion. Drawing on the “condemned to consume” condition, I seek to claim that in affluent Western societies, which are able to provide relative material well‐being or at least subsistence even to those at the margins, the main contours of inclusion and exclusion are not grounded primarily in one's ability to enter the realm of consumption but, rather, in one's ability to participate equally in the realm of work and employment. I underscore this idea by connecting lack of regular, meaningful employment with the concept of exclusive inclusion.     

‘Generation boomerang’ in Germany? Returning to the parental home in young adulthood

Leaving the parental home is not always a one-off event in the course of a person's life. Young adults can return one or more times before leaving home permanently. The aim of this article is to analyse the social and economic transition markers and socio-demographic factors which play a role in the return to the parental home of young adults in Germany. The analysis is based on the survey AID:A, conducted by the German Youth Institute in 2009. Data from 4300 young adults, aged 18–32 years, who left the parental home at least once, are used. Young adults are differentiated by their current residential status: living with at least one parent again (returners) or living outside the parental home (leavers). The results show that, the more financially and socially independent a young person is, the less likely they are to return to the family of origin. Furthermore, growing up in a two-parent family in West Germany as well as a strong relationship between fathers and sons increases the likelihood of returning to the parental home after leaving. Notably, it was also found that young adults of Turkish and Eastern European origin are more likely to return than those of German origin.     

美国与第二次世界大战初期纳粹德国的＂和平倡议＂

第二次世界大战爆发初期,面对纳粹德国在保留侵略波兰成果基础上提出的“和平倡议”,美国表示了反对与拒绝。这一方面是慕尼黑会议后美国对纳粹德国政策中出现遏制因素的必然结果,另一方面也与它当时所推行的援助英法遏制德国的政策有着密切关联。     

从民族主义看二战后德国统一

论述了1990年二战后分裂的德国重新统一,促成重新统一的因素是多方面的。并指出其中最主要的因素是联邦德国推行的民族主义政策;以及阿登纳的“国家统一”、勃兰特的“民族统一”到科尔强硬的完全统一,他们的政策有一种内在的联系,其实,重新统一是德国民族主义发展的结果。     

德国大学城透视

德国的大学教育历史悠久而且非常发达,大学对于城市经济、文化和生活产生非常大的影响,城市也造就了大学不断发展的环境和氛围。作者通过在德国考察和调研,描述了德国大学城的特点,阐述了大学和城市之间、大学对城市产业调整和经济转轨等诸多方面的关系,希望为中国正在进行的大学建设和城市发展提供有益的信息和启示。     

Poverty among households with children: a comparative study of Norway and Germany

The purpose of this study was to compare poverty among lone parent households and couple households with children in Norway and Germany. The study applied three different measurement strategies: income poverty, material deprivation and reception of social assistance. We found that income poverty and material deprivation rates are higher in Germany than in Norway and are also higher for lone parents than for couples with children. Our analysis of the reception of social assistance shows a different pattern in which both Norwegian and German lone parents frequently receive social assistance. The results show that the different dimensions of poverty are not independent of one another, nor do they wholly overlap. Household characteristic variables, factors influencing labour market status and educational levels also seem to influence the risk of experiencing poverty.     

德国早期浪漫派的美学原则

德国浪漫派是 1 8世纪德国文学艺术和美学的重要流派。早期浪漫派是耶拿派 ,后期浪漫派是海德堡派。在美学上 ,耶拿派浪漫主义美学对整个欧洲的浪漫主义文艺思潮更具有影响 ,它为浪漫主义美学制定了一系列美学原则 :1 .诗化和宗教化原则 ;2 .崇尚非理性和无意识 ;3.反讽说和包罗万象的诗     

1936年《德华信用借款合同》签订的作用与影响

由中国政府与德国政府签订于1936年的《德华信用借款合同》,不仅是民国时期中德关系史上的一件大事,而且对中国的抗日战争及经济体制的变迁产生了深远的影响。该《合同》的签订有利于国民政府在国统区政令的统一。依据《合同》,中方在1936、1937年从德国进口了大批先进武器,大大增强了中国军队抵抗日军侵略的实力,在抗战初期发挥了重要作用。根据《合同》,中方从德国进口了一批先进的工业设备,建立了一批工矿企业,培养了一批技术人才,有力地推动了中国工业近代化的进程。