澜沧拉祜族聚居地乡级中小学图书馆(室)建设状况

云南省澜沧拉祜族自治县是我国拉祜族最主要的聚居地。多年来,在各级党委和政府的重视和关怀下,在各校教师努力下,拉祜族聚居地乡级中小学图书馆(室)建设取得了可喜的成绩,但也存在一些问题。在国家出台一系列倾斜政策,逐步加大对中西部教育投资的新形势下,如何逐步缩短城乡中小学教育教学的差距,使广大的农村(乡级)中小学的图书馆(室)建设走出困境,是一个需要各方面长期认真关注的问题。     

论大学教师的元认知能力

元认知是对认知的认知。其本质是人对认知活动的自我意识和自我控制,包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知控制。大学教师的元认知能力则是教师对主体(自己和学生)内在差异、个别差异以及主体认知水平和影响认知水平的因素差异的了解和监控能力。大学教师元认知水平的高低与学生的发展以及教学质量的好坏密切相关。因而需要通过对教师内在素质的训练和外在督导等措施,培养教师对教学内容的把握、对课堂教学的调控以及反思与批判、学习和迁移等能力。     

Goodness-of-fit tests for a heavy tailed distribution

We study the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Berk–Jones test, score test and their integrated versions in the context of testing the goodness-of-fit of a heavy tailed distribution function. A comparison of these tests is conducted via Bahadur efficiency and simulations.     

小学科学课教学中过程性评价的尝试和思考

小学科学教学中的评价是小学科学教育体系中的一个基本反馈机制,当代的小学科学教育评价更多地使用过程性评价。在小学科学教学实践过程中,我们尝试从课前准备(材料准备和收集材料)、课堂探究、小组合作、课后拓展等方面对学生的学习过程进行评价。以本校四年级一个班学生(以过程性评价为主)与本校同年级的其他班级(以终结性评价为主)对比,我们发现学生的学习态度和学习效果因评价方式的不同而呈现较大差异。     

略论小学低年级教学中的心理暗示

健康的心理和健全的人格 ,是实施素质教育的重要方面。小学低年级学生的心智尚未成熟 ,教师在课堂上适时采取体态、团体参照、创设情境以及角色融入等暗示方式 ,是培养儿童健康心理和健全人格的有效手段     

用取代基效应预测取代苯衍生物的标准生成

取代苯衍生物的标准生成焓与取代基的初级效应、次级效应和障碍点有关，本文建立了计算取代苯衍生物的新模型，计算值与实验值相当吻合     

准素理想的符号幂

本文提出了Noether环中准素理想的符号幂的概念，同时建立了如下定理：设R是一个有单位元的Noether环，Q是R的一个异于R的P-准素理想，S=R／P，则Q的一切符号幂的交为（O）s。     

On characterizations of the logistic distribution

We modify and extend George and Mudholkar's [1981. A characterization of the logistic distribution by a sample median. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. 33, 125–129] characterization result about the logistic distribution, which is in terms of the sample median and Laplace distribution. Moreover, we give some new characterization results in terms of the smallest order statistics and the exponential distribution.     

Helping parents to manage infant crying and sleeping: a review of the evidence and its implications for services

Infant crying and night waking are common concerns for parents, costly problems for health services and may trigger infant abuse or lead to serious child disturbances. Parents are given contradictory advice on how to manage infant crying and sleeping, indicating the need for evidence‐based guidance. This review of recent research draws distinctions between infant crying and sleeping problems, between the problem identified by parents and the infant behaviour underlying the problem, between different types of crying behaviour and their causes, and between the types of cases which present at different ages. It proposes that the two main approaches to parenting advocated by baby‐care experts, ‘infant‐demand’ and ‘structured’ parenting, have different benefits, and costs. Comparative studies have found that infant‐demand parenting is associated with low amounts of fussing and crying in the first three months of age, but with night waking which continues beyond three months. Randomised controlled trials have provided evidence that structured parenting leads to more overall fussing and crying during the first three months, but reduced night waking and crying after that. The findings are translated into recommendations for preventing and treating infant crying and sleeping problems, for policy debate, and for further research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水墨山水画构图研究

中国画家对于画面的构图组织要求甚高,构图更是水墨山水画首先应解决好的问题,它直接关系到画面表现形式、主题思想、意境空间的传达。构图是画家思想感情与自然山水形式的有机结合,构图是由各种因素组合而成,有其内在规律和法则,反映作者对于自然造化的感受与审美意趣,是作者学识、修养、思想的综合体现。