The use of vignettes to empower effective responses to attempted sexual assault

Objective: Women assertively resisting sexual aggression have the best chances of avoiding completed rape. Especially with acquaintances, there are significant social and psychological barriers to resistance. Novel vignettes depicting acquaintance rape were designed to enhance self-efficacy, reduce unrealistic optimism, and empower assertive resistance. Participants: The data were collected using a Web-based survey of 449 female college students from multiple universities in August–October 2014. Methods: Between-subjects mixed-methods design. Participants were randomly assigned to read one of four vignettes and complete self-report measures of personal vulnerability, self-efficacy, and beliefs and intention about resistance. Results: Although vignettes did not impact self-efficacy, one vignette enhanced perceived controllability and decreased unrealistic optimism. Women who read about completed acquaintance rape described intention to use physically assertive responses at double the rate of women reading about successful resistance. Conclusions: As low-cost, easily disseminated materials, vignettes about sexual assault may enhance campus prevention efforts.     

侵权人不明的高楼落物侵权的法律规制

《侵权责任法》第87条对侵权人不明的高楼落物侵权责任的承担进行了规定,具有保障受害人得到补偿、统一司法实践、降低致害概率的积极意义。但是,该规定也存在许多不足之处,主要表现为不利于社会和谐、容易引发道德风险、预防功能不充分、适用前提不明确等,没有很好地解决高楼落物侵权所面临的困境。采取社会救济、高楼落物赔偿基金、保险赔偿等多种途径相结合的救济方式,行政法、刑法与《侵权责任法》相配合的惩罚制度,不仅可以使受害人得到及时的、充分的补偿,而且可以有效预防此类侵权损害的发生。     

‘You Get More Respect,’ Reasons for Sex Among African American High School Youth: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT

African American adolescents continue to be disproportionately impacted by HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and unanticipated pregnancies. In-depth, face-to-face interviews among a convenience sample of 32 African American adolescents (16 male and 16 female) were used to explore the reasons why some adolescents decided to engage in sex while others chose to delay sexual debut. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Among the overall sample, psychological motivations, external pressure, physical pleasure seeking, and relationship-related motivations were the major themes cited for engaging in sex by participants and their friends. External support, motivation to avoid negative consequences, not feeling ready or lacking interest in sex, and having negative views about sex were among the major reasons for delaying sex. Several of the emergent themes showed gender differences. Suggestions for future research include the need for sexual education, and STI/HIV prevention programs that are gender sensitive and flexible enough to accommodate multiple factors related to sexual debut.     

Computer-Assisted Screening and Intervention for Alcohol Problems in Primary Care

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of a bilingual (English/Spanish) computer-assisted alcohol screening/intervention for hazardous and harmful alcohol use, the Health Habits Survey (HHS) was tested in primary care settings. Assessment-only patients were compared with patients exposed to the HHS. Of the 2053 recruited, 151 (7.4%) screened positive on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and were re-contacted six months later for follow-up. Significant alcohol reduction was observed in both conditions. No between-group differences were observed. Computer-assisted screening and intervention are feasible in primary care settings and may be a realistic provider-extender when traditional screening is absent or inconsistently implemented.     

现浇混凝土板的裂缝分析与防治

在建筑结构中，随着商品混凝土的大量使用，混凝土楼面板出现裂缝的机率大大增加，并日益受到人们的关注。裂缝出现的原因复杂，既有温度变化、混凝土收缩、地基不均匀沉降等原因，也有设计、施工、材料和使用等方面的问题。本文根据工程实践经验，对现浇混凝土板的裂缝在设计、施工、材料等方面的成因进行了分析，并提出了相应的裂缝防治措施。     

我国文化产业30年发展情况及对策思考

文化产业是和文化事业同等重要的一种文化发展方式.本文拟就我国文化产业的三十年发展情况及发展对策进行分析和初步探讨.     

川西藏区藏族中小学校长心理控制源的调查分析

川西藏区地处四川省西部,其特殊的历史地理环境使得这一区域成为藏、汉、羌、彝等民族的聚居地,成为多元文化相互影响、相互碰撞的交汇之地。生活在这里的个体,特别是承担着振兴民族教育事业的各位藏族中小学校长们,在面对相对艰苦的自然环境、相对贫乏的教育资源、特别是面对多种文化交互影响的过程中,在个体心理控制源上表现出怎样的特征呢?作者采用罗特(Rotter.J.B)编制的《内在—外在心理控制源量表》对126名来自四川省甘孜、阿坝和凉山地区的藏族中小学校长进行了测试。结果表明:1、该地区藏族中小学校长的心理控制源在总体上倾向于内控性;2、其内控性在性别、年龄、学校所在地这三个因素上差异不显著;3、被测试的藏族中小学校长们普遍具有较强的社会适应能力。     

On bias reduction estimators of skew-normal and skew-t distributions

A particular concerns of researchers in statistical inference is bias in parameters estimation. Maximum likelihood estimators are often biased and for small sample size, the first order bias of them can be large and so it may influence the efficiency of the estimator. There are different methods for reduction of this bias. In this paper, we proposed a modified maximum likelihood estimator for the shape parameter of two popular skew distributions, namely skew-normal and skew-t, by offering a new method. We show that this estimator has lower asymptotic bias than the maximum likelihood estimator and is more efficient than those based on the existing methods.     

近五年陕西省中小学教师培训多元化需求分析调查及解决策略研究

通过对自2009年以来近五年我国中小学教师专业培训需求研究成果进行分析和整理,分别从培训需求政策、培训动机需求、课程需求、模式需求等方面进行分析,最后提出解决培训中出现的问题和策略,旨在为教育行政部门提供可借鉴的参考。     

西部农村中小学生性价值观培育现状及根源分析

在我国西部地区的广大农村,由于各方面条件的限制,西部农村中小学生的性意识成长和性价值观培育方面的系列问题令人担忧。家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育在对中小学生的性价值观培育过程中都存在一定程度的缺失,难以形成有助于中小学生性价值观念培育的良好社会环境。在网络色情的冲击下,中小学生成长中的性道德观被网络色情扭曲和肢解,性道德认知被失控的性乱象颠覆和异化,这些现象主要根源在于性文化的无序性、性道德观的冲突性、性行为的失范性。