Treatment Utilization Among Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Participants of Corrections-Based Substance Abuse Programs Reentering the Community

ABSTRACT

This study examines differences in drug use and recidivism outcomes at 12 months postrelease from jail or prison as a function of geographic location and treatment utilization. Participants (N= 700) were previously enrolled in drug treatment during the last 6 to 9 months of their incarceration and were released to the community on either parole or serve-out. Findings from this study indicated that offenders returning to metropolitan areas reported more use of community treatment services following release than offenders in nonmetropolitan areas. Although offenders in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas who reported community treatment following release were less likely to be reincarcerated, community treatment utilization was not a significant correlate of relapse. Findings are discussed, and future directions include favorable outcomes when community treatment is utilized.     

论死刑犯的生育权问题

死刑犯是否享有生育权,从2001年罗锋案之后就成为关注的焦点,引起了法学理论界的广泛讨论。生育权是一种自然权利,是人格权的一种。根据法无明文禁止的原则,死刑犯应该享有生育权。男死刑犯的生育权可以通过人工受精技术得以实现,．但由于主体的特殊性,其在实现生育权的时候应遵循一定的原则。女死刑犯的生育权由于法律禁止对怀孕的妇女适用死刑及一切形式的代孕,因而女死刑犯的生育权在现行的法律框架下无法实现。要充分体现对死刑犯生育权的保障,应该对我国相关的法律法规予以完善。     

社会工作充权视角下的释犯社区矫正政策分析

我国正在实施的社区矫正政策,是一项以释犯群体为执行对象的公共政策。该政策以司法效率化、行刑社会化、刑罚报应论为出发点和价值取向,决定了该政策的实质是司法矫正而非完全意义上的社区矫正。论文从释犯社会权利保障角度,运用充权理论进行分析,描述了该政策试点实施一年来存在的释犯失权状况,提出了对释犯进行政策性充权、行政性充权和个人充权的设想与建议。      

Newlib的研究与最小实现

对嵌入式C运行库——newlib进行了深入研究,阐述了该运行库在多任务环境下可重入性的实现方法;介绍了移植newlib到嵌入式系统上需要的桩函数及其实现方法,并重点介绍了与I/O相关的四个桩函数open、close、read和write的实现方法,以及动态内存分配器malloc的两种实现方法。     

农民工犯罪倾向的影响因素分析

利用10省份调查数据,在推导出农民工犯罪倾向理论模型基础上,分析农民工服刑人员和不涉罪普通农民工之间在个人特征、家庭特征和行为特征三个维度上变量的总体和内部差异。研究发现：（1）男性、年龄较小、受教育水平低、家庭收入少、母亲受教育水平低、兄弟姐妹个数多、失业严重、曾有违纪违法行为的农民工犯罪倾向高;（2）社会保险状况和犯罪被发现可能性影响不涉罪农民工犯罪倾向;（3）家庭成员犯罪史和刑罚打击力度影响服刑人员农民工犯罪倾向。     

拂去尘埃始见金——二战沈阳盟军战俘营研究综述

位于沈阳市的“二战沈阳盟军战俘营”,是1942日本建立的关押美英等国盟军战俘的集中营。它是纪录日本军国主义曾是堪称世界最残暴的老牌恐怖主义,用冻饿、殴打、奴役和细菌试验,用最惨无人道灭绝人性的手段,违反国际法残害战俘的罪证。同时也是中国人民和美、英等国人民“共同经历,共同战斗,共同利益的见证。”开发研究二战沈阳盟军战俘营的历史文化资源,对于揭露日本军国主义并遏制其复活,以及沟通中西方人民的交流理解,具有重大的现实意义。由于种种原因,这段历史被尘封数十年成为空白。“拂去尘埃始见金”,经过中美(盟国)人民和专家学者的几十年的努力,终于使这段鲜为人知的史实从尘封中浮出,成为见证历史的重要文物。     

A retrospective study of attitudes and triggers towards gambling of prisoners before their incarceration in Australia

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between attitudes towards gambling, triggers for gambling, and the severity of the gambling problem of convicted offenders before their incarceration. Participants were recruited through transitional managers of prisons. There were 96 referrals, of which 66 participants completed the study. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS) and the Inventory of Gambling Situations (IGS) and a significant correlation between the IGS and the EIGHT Gambling Screen. However, no significant correlation was found between the EIGHT Gambling Screen and the GABS. The results indicated that attitudes towards and beliefs about gambling did not directly influence the severity of the participants’ gambling problem. Attitudes and beliefs were more closely linked to their triggers for gambling, and these triggers carried more weight in the severity of their gambling problem. These results suggest that problem gamblers need assistance in dealing with their trigger situations for gambling as well as receiving a therapeutic programme to change their attitudes towards and beliefs about gambling.     

Retention Is Not an Abstract Notion: The Effect of Wages and Caretaking

ABSTRACT

Understanding retention in any profession is dependent on thorough workforce studies. Here, wages and caretaking, and the interaction of the two, were examined to understand retention of social workers. Respondents were 785 Master of social work alumni from the mid-South. Differences among three groups were studied: those working, those who have left the workforce, and those who had left but may return. Of the respondents, 92% thought an above average income was important; 48% of households included children; and 21% reported caretaking others. Wage was not a reason to leave social work but caretaking was. Moreover, caretaking and financial responsibility may be a reason not to return.     

A qualitative analysis of African American fathers’ struggle with reentry,recidivism, and reunification after participation in re-entry programs

The experiences of African American fathers with reentry, recidivism, and reunification after a period of incarceration and after participation in a re-entry program. Results of the thematic analysis yielded the following major themes: unaddressed childhood trauma, self-identification, reentry; self-esteem and self-worth; reentry; family reunification after incarceration; and recidivism. Unaddressed childhood trauma and post-release stress emerged as the major barriers to successful transition from incarceration. Implications for social work policy, research, practice, and education are provided.     

Household Support and Social Integration in the Year After Prison

The conventional household is typically conceived as a fixed residence where married adults pool incomes and raise their children. In poor communities, however, households are often residentially unstable, fluid in composition, and economically insecure. Men and women who leave prison face extreme disadvantage, and their households are likely to shape social integration after incarceration. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from the Boston Reentry Study, this article describes the complex living situations of men and women newly released from prison and proposes a multifaceted concept of household support. Regression analysis with an index measuring household support shows that living in a stable well‐resourced household just after prison release is associated with reduced risks of a new criminal charge, social isolation, and unemployment six to twelve months later. More than just a social unit for sampling and enumeration, the analysis suggests the household is an explanatory concept that can account for the social integration of poor, minority populations often detached from formal sources of economic and social support.