Doing time,filling time: Bureaucratic ritualism as a systemic barrier to youth reentry

This paper contributes to knowledge about the challenges of youth reentry by examining how transitional services can function as a barrier to – instead of a support for – healthy reintegration of youth. Using participant observation conducted in 2003–2004 at a juvenile aftercare program in Philadelphia, we explore a pervasive problem that Merton (1940) termed “bureaucratic ritualism.” Case workers and administrators became beholden to daily demands related to billing, paperwork, and meeting minimum standards, supplanting the larger goal of individualized care for young people returning from placements. Outputs, not outcomes, became the measure of success. We identify a number of reintegration activities that were ritualistic in nature and explore the features of the system that encouraged ritualistic responses by aftercare workers. Finally, we identify a group of aftercare workers, which we call “proactive caregivers” who resisted the organizational pressures to become bureaucratic ritualists.     

柏拉图哲学王思想探析——从囚徒的境遇看王者的风范

＂哲学王＂思想是柏拉图思想体系中关于政治哲学的核心学说,是柏拉图在城邦失序的大背景下提出的改造城邦、建立理想国家的一次伟大尝试。该学说强调王者要用哲学思维和知识去统摄政治,从而引导国家健康、有序发展。而对洞穴比喻的解读就是以形象生动的方式来表达哲学王统治下的社会所独有的人文精神和价值。深度挖掘和分析该学说,将更全面、更系统地呈现这份宝贵的精神财富,也将为建设和谐社会提供有益的借鉴。     

Public Attitudes Toward Sexual Offenders and Sex Offender Registration

This study explores the relationship between fear of various types of sexual offenders and a belief that those sexual offenders should be subject to sex offender registration. We hypothesized that those who offend against children would elicit the most fear; consequently, the most feared offenders would be rated as most requiring registration. As part of a telephone survey, 733 participants answered questions about fear of sex offenders and agreement with requirements about registration for offenders convicted of incest, statutory rape, marital rape, pedophilia, date rape, and an offense committed more than 10 years prior. Results indicated that all types of sexual offenders elicited some fear from respondents, and fear was related to support of registration requirements.     

Probabilistic Analysis of the Inadvertent Reentry of the Cassini Spacecraft''s Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators

As part of the launch approval process, the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel provides an independent safety assessment of space missions--such as the Cassini mission--that carry a significant amount of nuclear materials. This survey article describes potential accident scenarios that might lead to release of fuel from an accidental reentry during an Earth swingby maneuver, the probabilities of such scenarios, and their consequences. To illustrate the nature of calculations used in this area, examples are presented of probabilistic models to obtain both the probability of scenario events and the resultant source terms of such scenarios. Because of large extrapolations from the current knowledge base, the analysis emphasizes treatment of uncertainties.     

双径模型在PCM/FM再入遥测系统分析中的应用

针对存在多径衰落的PCM/FM再入遥测系统,分析了双径模型的幅频、相频、群延迟等特性及幅度失真、延迟失真、信道衰减因子、码速率等对接收机带来的影响。通过分析得到:幅度失真通常对数据的解调不会产生影响;单独的延迟失真使接收信号的幅度发生较大变化,而延迟失真与信道衰减因子的共同作用将改变接收机的性能边界;单一地提高码速率将导致更低的系统性能参数。该文为工程应用中合理设计再入遥测系统提供了参考。     

红楼春梦好模糊——贾府“四春”谫论

<红楼梦>中的贾府"四春"是"千红"、"万艳"的重要代表,各有其鲜明的形象意义贾元春如富贵囚者,贾迎春善得恶报,贾探春堪称末世英雄,贾惜春则被佛心冷结.曹雪芹通过"四春"形象,抒发的是"原应叹息"的悲情,说明在那个时代,不论你是贵是贱、是强是弱、是热是冷,都不会有理想的人生归宿.     

交通肇事罪中“因逃逸致人死亡”问题探究

新刑法对交通肇事罪进行了比较重要的修改,涉及到"因逃逸致人死亡"问题,理论上争议颇多.本文通过对交通肇事罪中"因逃逸致人死亡"问题的罪过形式、法律性质、适用范围及其定罪的分析探究,加深对此问题的理解.     

论冷战的起源——虚假均势、极权主义政体与冷战的爆发

本文主要借鉴肯尼斯.沃尔兹（Kennith Waltz）在其著作《国际关系理论》（Theory of International Politics）一书中对理论的划分——解构理论（Reductionist Theory）以及体系理论（Systemic Theory）,在体系层面以及行为体层面总结出冷战爆发的两大原因：＂虚假＂两极格局下自由主义构想（即罗斯福的＂四大警察＂构想）的内在缺陷以及将此缺陷无限放大的前苏联极权主义政体。为了说明＂四大警察＂构想的缺陷,笔者详细分析了＂囚徒困境＂模型给我们的启示,再将美国和前苏联比作两个囚徒,用此模型去分析冷战的爆发。     

基于利益博弈的共享价值观企业文化构建

当前员工和企业利益博弈的支付结构决定了个人理性必然导致消极合作的“囚徒困境”。共享价值观的企业文化能够实现员工和企业积极合作的利益均衡,从而走出利益博弈的“囚徒困境”。     

柏拉图哲学王思想探析--从囚徒的境遇看王者的风范

“哲学王”思想是柏拉图思想体系中关于政治哲学的核心学说,是柏拉图在城邦失序的大背景下提出的改造城邦、建立理想国家的一次伟大尝试。该学说强调王者要用哲学思维和知识去统摄政治,从而引导国家健康、有序发展。而对洞穴比喻的解读就是以形象生动的方式来表达哲学王统治下的社会所独有的人文精神和价值。深度挖掘和分析该学说,将更全面、更系统地呈现这份宝贵的精神财富,也将为建设和谐社会提供有益的借鉴。