收益流风险视角下双渠道供应链的囚徒困境问题分析

双渠道模式加剧了制造商和零售商之间的渠道冲突,而整体利润与个体利益的不一致导致了供应链的“囚徒困境”。考虑到消费者的渠道偏好以及厂商风险偏好对供应链生产决策的影响,运用收益流风险构造多阶段供应链效用函数,比较分析制造商和零售商之间的四种竞合策略组合对其利润以及效用水平的影响,进而研究制造商与零售商在收益流风险视角下对竞合策略的选择问题。结果表明：供应链的利润与消费者的渠道偏好呈U型关系,消费者对渠道不敏感时,供应链利润达到最低水平;比较四种策略选择发现,集中决策情境下供应链整体利润达到最优,而出于自利动机,制造商与零售商会选择单独定价作为占优策略,导致分散决策成为供应链“囚徒困境”中的纳什均衡解;从收益流风险视角发现,供应链的效用水平与厂商的风险偏好态度呈负相关关系,基于动态序贯的策略选择能够有效阻止决策者的短视行为,多期的策略选择中双方合作集中决策为供应链最优的均衡策略。基于以上分析结果,提出制造商提高线上渠道服务水平、零售商搭建与制造商的合作模式、政府健全外部市场信用评级制度,从收益流风险视角考量供应链管理的长期效用水平,以期为提高供应链合作提供有益参考。     

Building from the Ground Up

SUMMARY

In an era of low crime rates and high imprisonment rates, the role of communities in producing safety and justice is open for critical reexamination. This article suggests that community resiliency is an unexplored factor in the recent drop in violent crime rates, and that community capacity is adversely affected by imprisonment policies, creating critical questions about the ability of community organizations to engage in partnerships on crime and justice topics. Drawing lessons from several community policing experiments, this article outlines a possible role for community engagement in reducing the current reliance on incarceration as a response to crime.     

Jobs for Mothers: Married Women's Labor Force Reentry and Part-Time,Temporary Employment in Japan

This paper explains the increase in middle-aged women reentering the labor force in Japan and their concentration in part-time or temporary employment. Existing explanations attribute women's concentration in part-time employment too narrowly to supply or demand factors. In Japan, both the labor supply of middle-aged women and the demand for part-time workers have increased, but these conditions channel middle-aged women into part-time or temporary employment only when systematic barriers obstruct their access to full-time jobs. Because it plays an important role in women's employment decisions, the rigidity of standard, full-time employment needs greater attention in studies of nonstandard, atypical types of work.     

张家山汉简《二年律令》之"司寇"、"城旦舂"名分析

通过对历史文献中有关司寇、城旦舂等刑徒的记载进行梳理,并结合睡虎地秦简有关记载,对张家山汉简<二年律令>中涉及到的司寇与城旦舂的使用进行的细致分析.可以看出,司寇的用法在性别上还不十分明晰;而城旦舂的使用不是严格以男子为城旦、以女子为舂,而是互有交叉.     

柏拉图哲学王思想探析--从囚徒的境遇看王者的风范

“哲学王”思想是柏拉图思想体系中关于政治哲学的核心学说,是柏拉图在城邦失序的大背景下提出的改造城邦、建立理想国家的一次伟大尝试。该学说强调王者要用哲学思维和知识去统摄政治,从而引导国家健康、有序发展。而对洞穴比喻的解读就是以形象生动的方式来表达哲学王统治下的社会所独有的人文精神和价值。深度挖掘和分析该学说,将更全面、更系统地呈现这份宝贵的精神财富,也将为建设和谐社会提供有益的借鉴。     

庸官懒政的博弈分析

庸官懒政或行政不作为是近年中国社会关注的焦点,也是法学、政治学界讨论的热点。从经济学角度分析,公务员通过劳动或服务完成政府分配的工作任务,实现各自的经济利益和社会价值,与其他行业的从业者相比并无特别之处。从囚徒困境博弈模型可知,惩罚力度过小和奖惩激励不明确是导致庸官懒政的两大原因。工作竞争博弈模型则表明,存在公务员工资奖励制度的最优性,它将为有效解决庸官懒政问题提供理论支持。有别于庸官懒政或行政不作为的法律分析和政治分析,经济分析或博弈分析将为研究其成因和对策提供新路径。     

偏见与认同:从“索头”称谓论拓跋氏的族别抉择

From the widely used words “cable prisoner” for the Tuoba Clan in the Eastern Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the process of accepting “Xianbei” for the Tuoba Clan was a subjective process of identity Choice. At that time, the Murong clan were generally accepted as the orthodoxy of Xianbei clan while “cable prisioner” as unorthodoxy. This kinds of discrimination prompted the ethnic identity     

More Than a Job Club,Sister: Career Intervention for Women Following Incarceration

Following incarceration, women face unique challenges in returning to their communities and seeking employment. This qualitative study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of previously incarcerated women as they participated in It's More Than a Job Club, Sister, a spiritually integrated career intervention, and subsequently sought employment. The following 4 superordinate themes emerged describing this experience: (a) It was more than a job club; (b) God gave me a second chance: the impact of faith on recovery and employment; (c) barriers to employment; and (d) looking ahead. The findings indicate the need for a strengths‐based approach to career intervention that builds upon existing skills and emphasizes identity exploration, uncovering core beliefs and vocational values, bridging the gap between goals and barriers, and leveraging interpersonal skills. The findings also indicate that career counseling with female returning citizens is enhanced by incorporating attention to the role of substance abuse/recovery and by attending to the intersection of calling and vocation.     

重复囚徒困境博弈对网络拓扑结构影响的研究

对Zachary网络采用了重复囚徒困境博弈的方法,提出了两种网络结构的演化算法,即随机算法和伪度优先算法,并对网络的度分布和聚集系数进行了分析,结果表明：经过n轮重复博弈,随机算法对网络拓扑结构的影响不大,伪度优先算法对网络拓扑结构的影响较大;经过演化后,网络的最大度明显增大,聚集系数也高于演化前的网络;随机算法对网络的社团结构影响不明显,而伪度优先算法则对社团结构的影响较大．     

Young African American Males in Reentry: An Afrocentric Cultural Approach

Record numbers of young African American males are released from juvenile detention, residential commitment, and prison facilities each year. Many challenges must be overcome for them to integrate back into their families and communities. Incorporating an Afrocentric cultural approach with concrete, comprehensive services such as education, training, employment housing assistance, substance abuse treatment, and family support could serve as a powerful tool for successful reentry.