现代社区规划的历史衍变与多元进程

社区规划是当代社区发展中长期的执行性计划取向,是社区建设目标最接近实质层次的计划取向,同时社区规划又是介于建筑设计、建设计划与传统平面式城市规划之间的一种制度安排。经过近十年的探索实践,我国的社区规划建设开始向深度和广度发展,以社区建设纳入国民经济与社会发展"十五"规划为标志,社区规划开始了区域发展的规范化、持续化进程。     

汉长安城规划思想辨析

汉长安城的营建是一个动态的过程,其城建规划思想不仅有对秦代宫殿的利用问题,也有取法天象的模式,北墙和南墙的曲折包含了对"北斗"及"南斗"文化思想的认识.在汉武帝大规模营建时期,由于城建思想的变化,使得汉城的布局模式发生了巨变.王莽时期受"复古"思想的影响,汉长安城南郊进入大规模修建礼制建筑的阶段.自始至终,城建规划思想一方面主要来自古礼,主要是周礼的影响;另一方面主要和阴阳五行天文术数思想有关.     

从MRPⅡ看销售核算子系统的未来发展

MRPII为制造业提供了一种科学的管理思想和有效的信息处理手段 ,它的有效利用可为企业获得良好的经济效益 ,值得注意的是 :供、销是实现MRPII思想的同时又是维持生产平衡的两大“咽喉”环节。本文从MRPII系统的角度论述了销售核算子系统的重要地位 ,同时论述了销售核算子系统与其他模块之间的关系 ,就MRPII的发展、管理的发展、计算机技术的发展、电子商务的兴起等方面探讨了未来我国销售核算子系统的设计     

基于柔性资源约束的前摄性项目调度优化研究

不确定环境中，项目进度计划鲁棒性的高低直接影响项目能否顺利实施。本文研究了具有随机活动工期的柔性资源约束下的前摄性项目调度优化问题，目标是在柔性资源和项目工期的约束下，借助对活动开始时间合理的进行安排进而得到拥有最大鲁棒性的进度计划。首先对研究问题进行界定；随后构建优化模型，并根据问题NP-hard属性和模型特点设计了双层嵌套禁忌搜索启发式算法，通过内外两层交互搜索寻找满意解；最后通过一个实际案例对本文研究进行说明，并分析关键参数对进度计划鲁棒性的影响，得到如下结论：相对于资源无柔性情况下的项目进度计划而言，资源具备柔性后得到的项目进度计划的鲁棒性更高，具有更强的抗干扰能力，能够保证项目稳定执行；同时，项目进度计划鲁棒性分别随着项目工期的延长、资源可用量的增加或资源柔性的提高而上升。     

Performance of TOC based finite capacity material requirement planning system for a multi-stage assembly factory

This paper aims to develop a finite capacity material requirement planning (FCMRP) system based on TOC philosophy (TOC-MRP) for multi-stage assembly factory that has some bottleneck stations. The proposed TOC-MRP system tries to load and schedule operations on bottleneck stations in a manner that they are free of idle time and overtime. The schedules on non-bottleneck stations will be arranged until they are not conflicting with those on the bottleneck stations. The non-bottleneck stations are allowed to have idle time and overtime if necessary. To analyse whether TOC-MRP is effective, it is compared with a FCMRP method that does not adopt TOC philosophy. The experimental results reveal that the TOC-MRP outperforms the FCMRP without TOC philosophy.     

Spinal Cord Injury

ABSTRACT

This article provides an overview of spinal cord injury (SCI) that is useful and informative for social workers and other health care professionals who work with this population. Social workers new to the specialty of spinal cord injury must expand their knowledge base of this chronic injury. Social workers contribute to the rehabilitation process through assessment, education, and discharge planning. This article also may be used to inform persons with spinal cord injury and their families and to encourage them to engage in dialogue about SCI in the earliest stages of treatment and rehabilitation.     

Does trust increase willingness to pay higher taxes to help the needy?

The article studies the causal effect of trust on the willingness to pay higher taxes to help the needy in a sample of 29 countries of Eastern and Southern Europe, and the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. It is hypothesized that interpersonal trust leads to a greater willingness to pay taxes to help the needy since (i) trust increases the likelihood of helping strangers; (ii) trust fosters solidarity and cooperation when working to solve common problems in society; and (iii) trust reduces suspicion with respect to the perceived misuse of redistributed money. Three key findings are that the more people trust each other, the more they are ready to support the welfare state; the effect of trust on welfare state support holds even in a contextual environment characterized by rather lower levels of trust and relatively underdeveloped systems of redistribution; and higher individual‐level trust fosters tax morale and helps deter tax evasion.     

The Value of Weather Information for E‐Commerce Operations

To be efficient, logistics operations in e‐commerce require warehousing and transportation resources to be aligned with sales. Customer orders must be fulfilled with short lead times to ensure high customer satisfaction, and the costly under‐utilization of workers must be avoided. To approach this ideal, forecasting order quantities with high accuracy is essential. Many drivers of online sales, including seasonality, special promotions and public holidays, are well known, and they have been frequently incorporated into forecasting approaches. However, the impact of weather on e‐commerce operations has not been rigorously analyzed. In this study, we integrate weather data into the sales forecasting of the largest European online fashion retailer. We find that sunshine, temperature, and rain have a significant impact on daily sales, particularly in the summer, on weekends, and on days with extreme weather. Using weather forecasts, we have significantly improved sales forecast accuracy. We find that including weather data in the sales forecast model can lead to fewer sales forecast errors, reducing them by, on average, 8.6% to 12.2% and up to 50.6% on summer weekends. In turn, the improvement in sales forecast accuracy has a measurable impact on logistics and warehousing operations. We quantify the value of incorporating weather forecasts in the planning process for the order fulfillment center workforce and show how their incorporation can be leveraged to reduce costs and increase performance. With a perfect information planning scenario, excess costs can be reduced by 11.6% compared with the cost reduction attainable with a baseline model that ignores weather information in workforce planning.     

坚持依法行政抓紧抓好计划生育工作

依法行政是抓紧抓好计划生育工作的前提 ,也是维护法律权威和保护计生干部的需要。缺乏现代法律意识、缺乏有效的监督机制、缺乏解决基层行政执法难题的有效办法、缺乏对基层计生工作公正评价的能力是计生工作中制约依法行政的因素。强化全民法律意识 ,建立激励机制、内、外部检查机制及孕前管理机制等综合措施 ,以保证计划生育依法行政     

确立科学的思想观点 正确理解和推进“两个转变

实现计划生育工作思路和工作机制、运作方式的“两个转变” ,是我国计划生育的一项战略决策。本文论述了计生工作者应如何树立科学的思想观点 ,正确理解和推进“两个转变”