沙特柔性反恐措施研究

柔性反恐是刚性反恐的必要补充,沙特在武力反恐的同时采取了一系列柔性反恐措施。“去极端化”是柔性
反恐的重要内容之一,包括预防措施、康复项目和善后安抚。其中,预防措施是指从日常生活、学校教育、社会公共信
息的传播和交流等三大层面着力;康复项目是一项囊括了康复组织、康复项目的实施者及辅导过程三方面的综合性计
划;善后安抚则是旨在帮助囚犯重返社会、预防其重新犯罪,帮助释放犯走上正确的人生轨道。三大措施的目的在于
阻止个人成为恐怖主义者,促进卷入恐怖活动个人的康复,提供善后安抚计划以便于被释放者重返社会等。沙特的柔
性反恐措施取得了显著的成效,产生了很大的国际反响,“9
11”事件后反恐话语的主导者美国对此做出积极的反应
并提供一定的支持。     

红色精神的历时性建构与回溯性还原——以20世纪50年代以来厉家寨精神为考察中心

作为红色资源内核的红色精神,是近年学界红色文化研究的重要范畴和概念之一。学界对红色精神的研究,主要是在革命——建设——改革的话语体系与框架中,从物质与精神的关系角度,探讨红色精神对革命、社会主义建设与改革的功能与价值,但缺乏对红色精神研究话语体系的理论建构。在此背景下,借鉴文化学、历史学、社会学、人类学等学科的理论方法,深化红色精神研究不失为推进当前红色文化研究的路径之一。通过以1957年曾经得到毛泽东“愚公移山、改造中国,厉家寨是一个好例”的批示而知名的厉家寨精神为个案,探析自1957年以来得到政界极力倡导的厉家寨精神内涵的历时性演变,以及厉家寨精神内涵历时性演变的背后,政界是如何建构适应时代需求的红色话语的,即“红色精神之精神”是如何形成的。在此基础上,还原随毛泽东批语而形成的厉家寨精神的本来面目。     

Genetics of pathological gambling

Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder and a model behavioral addiction. Familial factors have been observed in clinical studies of pathological gamblers, and twin studies have demonstrated a genetic influence contributing to the development of PG. Serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic dysfunction have been reported as biological factors contributing to the pathophysiology of PG. Molecular genetic techniques have been used to investigate the role of genetic factors in PG. Molecular genetic research has identified specific allele variants of candidate genes corresponding to these neurotransmitter systems to be associated with PG. Associations have been reported between pathological gamblers and allele variants of polymorphisms at dopamine receptor genes, the serotonin transporter gene, and the monoamine-oxidase A gene. Although preliminary data suggest that some of these differences are gender-specific, more research needs to be performed to substantiate gender-specific genetic contributions to the development of pathological gambling. The review of the current findings on genetics of PG suggests that liability to PG is in part mediated by genetic factors. Additional studies are needed to replicate and extend these findings, as well as to better understand the influence of specific allelic variants to differences in biological and behavioral functioning.     

Short-term and long-term effects of an outpatient rehabilitation program for patients with musculoskeletal disorders

The objective of the study was to investigate whether intensified rehabilitation efforts in primary health care may produce any short-term or long-term reduction of sick leave. The resources at the health care center were fortified with a coordinator from the local insurance office and a specialist group from the hospital. In one primary health care district, a prospective study was performed among 100 patients with a musculoskeletal disorder, having caused at least 21 consecutive days of full-time sick leave (patients). Serving as a control group were individually matched patients from any other health care center in the surrounding municipality of Kristianstad (controls). The number of sick leave days was assessed during year one (short-term) and year three (long-term) after rehabilitation was initiated. The median number of days with sickness benefits for men in the short-term was lower for patients than for controls (34.5 vs 48.5). No difference was found among women. No differences were found in the long-term between patients and controls, either for men or women. We conclude that rehabilitation in primary health care was made more efficient through collaboration with the local insurance office and the specialists, but the effects were not maintained after the collaboration ended.     

Accumulated knowledge and experience in the treatment of substance abuse

This article summarizes the accumulated knowledge and experience of people engaged in the institutional treatment of substance abusers in Sweden. The views of the respondents were obtained by means of the Delphi method, which entails compiling several rounds of written dialogue between researcher and respondents. The study had three rounds. The arguments of experienced staff concerning the professionalization of substance abuse treatment are presented, with the main emphasis being on general trends. At the time of the study, the main dividing line, according to the respondents, lies between the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous and psychotherapeutic programs. The majority of the respondents believe that knowledge of psychotherapy provides a better understanding of the treatment process. This finding is particularly evident among the staff of drug treatment institutions, two-thirds of whom are of the opinion that acquiring proficiency in psychotherapy is a way to professionalize treatment. An important aspect is the quality of the relationship between therapist and client. The majority of the respondents believe that it is possible to define the criteria for good treatment.     

关于我国现行劳动教养制度的思考与展望

我国现行的劳动教养制度已实施了几十年,在实践中发挥了维护社会治安的积极作用,但随着《行政处罚法》的颁行,以限制人身自由为内容的劳动教养制度受到了存废的挑战,其存在失去了合法性的依据:法律性质不明确;适用对象和范围随意性大;审批机构没有合法的授权等。因此,必须尽快改革,提高该制度依据的规范性文件的效力层次,制定《劳动教养法》,并对该法的内容进行初步的展望。     

American Indians’ Response to Physical Pain: Functional Limitations and Help-Seeking Behaviors

Seventy-five American Indians, ages 25 to 84, representing 14 tribal nations, participated in this study. The historical, cultural, and behavioral responses to physical pain were examined. Data were collected over a 7-month period with a survey instrument that included the Universal Pain Scale, activities of daily living, causes of pain, cultural beliefs, and self-help-seeking behaviors. Also, recommendations for Western biomedical health care professionals are offered to improve services for the American Indian population. Findings demonstrate that culture plays a crucial role in wellness and significantly affects help-seeking behaviors, treatment regimens, responses to pain, and pain management.     

Restorative justice for delinquents in Hong Kong: current practices and challenges

ABSTRACT

In Hong Kong, juvenile justice embraces mainly disciplinary welfare and rehabilitative philosophies. Various statutory measures are applied to juvenile offenders, including police cautioning, community-based treatment programmes and custodial sentencing options. However, no statutory restorative measure has yet been incorporated into the mainstream criminal justice system in Hong Kong. Several non-governmental organisations are developing innovative strategies to prevent problematic adolescents from slipping into delinquency and are willing to apply restorative practices to help delinquents desist from engaging in criminal careers. This study begins with main features of restorative justice, and it highlights the preventive and correctional services for delinquents in Hong Kong. The study also questions the explanations offered by the government for not implementing restorative justice. By comparing restorative options for juveniles in some Asian jurisdictions, the study advocates for an earlier introduction of restorative justice for the benefits of juvenile offenders.     

“体医融合”背景下残疾人康复体育发展路径——以陕西省为例

通过对陕西省残疾人的“体医融合”发展现状进行探究，发现其存在残疾人体育意识不强烈，医疗和体育不能紧密联系，残疾人锻炼设施不完善，残疾人自身康复体育观念薄弱等问题。基于这些问题，提出了以下发展对策：一是构建完善的配套保障制度，通过社区推广实现康复指导；二是利用新媒体进行科普，提升残疾人科学健身意识；三是体医融合复合型人才的培养。     

The development of a pilot ‘thinking about relationships prompt sheet’ within an alcohol and other drugs rehabilitation programme

This paper documents the development of a programme component within an alcohol and other drugs residential service. Designed to improve relational competence, this pilot component was designed to have multiple levels of function: from the specific, for example, stimulating residents to formulate and monitor relationally oriented goals, to the more pacific, for example, embedding relationally focused learning as an ongoing rehabilitative concern. Development of the component began with a literature review. After finalising a set of relationship types (friends, siblings, etc.), this review identified three domains: ‘values’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘skills’. To create an initial draft, these categories were populated by items selected from a multi-stage inspection of the relevant literature. This draft was then reviewed by multiple stakeholder groups. Feedback from these consultations resulted in substantial modifications to the initial draft. In addition to the component having a broad-spectrum interventive purpose, the authors propose that this component could play a role in (i) pre-admission assessment and (ii) programme evaluation insofar as data concerning individual residents are aggregated and analysed.