A survey of statistical methods on remote sensing in russian literature from 1976 to 1985

In this article we review the major areas of remote sensing in the Russian literature for the period 1976 to 1985 that use statistical methods to analyze the observed data. For each of the areas, the problems that have been studied and the statistical techniques that have been used are briefly described     

竹木家具设计原则和造型方法

探讨了竹木家具设计的原则和造型方法,提出了适合新型竹木家具的人体工效学原则、可持续发展原则、人性化设计原则、本地化设计原则和手工艺与现代科技相结合的设计原则,以及借鉴、置换、重构和移植的新型竹木家具造型方法。     

Biased Bootstrap Methods for Reducing the Effects of Contamination

Contamination of a sampled distribution, for example by a heavy-tailed distribution, can degrade the performance of a statistical estimator. We suggest a general approach to alleviating this problem, using a version of the weighted bootstrap. The idea is to 'tilt' away from the contaminated distribution by a given (but arbitrary) amount, in a direction that minimizes a measure of the new distribution's dispersion. This theoretical proposal has a simple empirical version, which results in each data value being assigned a weight according to an assessment of its influence on dispersion. Importantly, distance can be measured directly in terms of the likely level of contamination, without reference to an empirical measure of scale. This makes the procedure particularly attractive for use in multivariate problems. It has several forms, depending on the definitions taken for dispersion and for distance between distributions. Examples of dispersion measures include variance and generalizations based on high order moments. Practicable measures of the distance between distributions may be based on power divergence, which includes Hellinger and Kullback–Leibler distances. The resulting location estimator has a smooth, redescending influence curve and appears to avoid computational difficulties that are typically associated with redescending estimators. Its breakdown point can be located at any desired value ε∈ (0, ½) simply by 'trimming' to a known distance (depending only on ε and the choice of distance measure) from the empirical distribution. The estimator has an affine equivariant multivariate form. Further, the general method is applicable to a range of statistical problems, including regression.     

借鉴国外成功经验 探究创建“人文廊坊”的途径及对策

现代化城市的建设越来越注重以人为本、尊重人文的发展理念。＂人文廊坊＂建设目标的提出符合时代潮流且意义深远。分析国外城市在人文建设方面的特点、总结其成功经验,能够在实现途径方面为创建＂人文廊坊＂提供有益参考。     

Generation of multivariate distributions by vertical density representation

Troutt (1991,1993) proposed the idea of the vertical density representation (VDR) based on Box-Millar method. Kotz, Fang and Liang (1997) provided a systematic study on the multivariate vertical density representation (MVDR). Suppose that we want to generate a random vector X[d]Rⁿthat has a density function ?(x). The key point of using the MVDR is to generate the uniform distribution on [D]_?(v) = {x :?(x) = v} for any v > 0 which is the surface in RⁿIn this paper we use the conditional distribution method to generate the uniform distribution on a domain or on some surface and based on it we proposed an alternative version of the MVDR(type 2 MVDR), by which one can transfer the problem of generating a random vector X with given density f to one of generating (X, X_n+i) that follows the uniform distribution on a region in Rⁿ⁺¹defined by ?. Several examples indicate that the proposed method is quite practical.     

“中国少数民族史学与历史学多学科研究方法”学术研讨会概述

为了推动中国少数民族史学与历史学多学科研究的深入发展,河北师范大学历史文化学院、北京师范大学史学理论与史学史研究中心于2007年9月20日至24日在承德联合主办了"中国少数民族史学与历史学多学科研究方法"学术研讨会。与会专家学者就中国少数民族史学研究的理论、中国少数民族史学发展的阶段性特点、历史上中国少数民族史学的成就、历史学多学科的研究方法等诸多问题,展开了深入的探讨。     

大力发展快速阅读的文化事业和文化产业

论文认为阅读有“精读、略读、快读”三种，突破了“读法二分观”的局限，确立了“读法三分观”的理论体系。探讨快读与精读、略读的区别和链接方法。认为我国要大力发展快速阅读的文化事业和文化产业，因为，快读是知识经济时代的先进精神生产力之一。     

Slow convergence of the Gibbs sampler

We consider the Gibbs sampler as a tool for generating an absolutely continuous probability measure ≥ on R^d. When an appropriate irreducibility condition is satisfied, the Gibbs Markov chain (X_n;n ≥ 0) converges in total variation to its target distribution ≥. Sufficient conditions for geometric convergence have been given by various authors. Here we illustrate, by means of simple examples, how slow the convergence can be. In particular, we show that given a sequence of positive numbers decreasing to zero, say (b_n;n ≥ 1), one can construct an absolutely continuous probability measure ≥ on R^d which is such that the total variation distance between ≥ and the distribution of X_n, converges to 0 at a rate slower than that of the sequence (b_n;n ≥ 1). This can even be done in such a way that ≥ is the uniform distribution over a bounded connected open subset of R^d. Our results extend to hit-and-run samplers with direction distributions having supports with symmetric gaps.     

高校外国文学教学的缺陷及改进策略

高校外国文学教学长期以来得不得到学生的重视,原因很多。笔者从教材编写与整体的教育教学思想和方法的偏差这两个角度探讨分析了成因,并提出了正本清源的几点建议。     

从功能对等的角度析英语电影片名的汉译

将英语电影片名译成汉语,以功能对等为目标,按照片名的信息价值、文化价值、审美价值和商业价值的要求进行翻译。翻译过程中,译者应对片名进行分析、转换和重组,根据不同情况采用不同的翻译方法,使汉语译名形式与英文电影内容达到辩证统一。既注意到标题的字面意义,又注意发掘其深层意义。从功能对等理论的角度对不同的翻译方法进行分析。