中国心理学史与中国的本土心理学研究之比较

中国的本土心理学和中国心理学史研究既有区别,又有联系。中国的本土心理学以内发性本土化原则为指导,以中国人的心理行为和本土的传统心理学为研究对象,在研究方法上采取多元化的态度。中国心理学史以外在逻辑原则为主导原则,以中国心理学思想为研究对象,形成了系统的研究方法。中国的本土心理学和中国心理学史研究有相同的文化背景和研究价值,这构成了二者契合的前提。中国的本土心理学和中国心理学史可以相互借鉴,共同建构科学的中国心理学。     

成人依恋研究

依恋是人类适应生存的重要方式,是人类长期生物进化的结果,它会影响到成年后亲密关系的建立、人际社会功能的表达以及人格功能和人格特质的形成。目前成人依恋的研究大概可以分为两个方面:成人依恋的个体差异和成人依恋的检测维度。     

Parent‐Adolescent Communication About Sex: Retrospective Reports by Latino College Students

Latina female (n= 97) and Latino male (n= 69) college students (M age = 21.4 years) completed self‐report surveys regarding family of origin experiences, including sexual communication with parents while growing up. Latino parents of this comparatively highly educated sample tended to use direct rather than indirect strategies for communicating about sexuality with their children. Young women reported higher levels of sexual communication with mothers while growing up than did young men, and respondents reported less communication with fathers than mothers. Among young women, sexual communication with mother was positively associated with non‐Mexican origin and negatively associated with having older brothers living at home. In contrast, maternal education was positively associated with mother‐son communication about sex. Paternal education and the absence of older brothers positively predicted communication with both sons and daughters. The analyses provide novel information regarding sexual communication in Latino families and suggest directions for future research.     

Choice of the primary analysis in longitudinal clinical trials

Missing data, and the bias they can cause, are an almost ever‐present concern in clinical trials. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach has been frequently utilized to handle missing data in clinical trials, and is often specified in conjunction with analysis of variance (LOCF ANOVA) for the primary analysis. Considerable advances in statistical methodology, and in our ability to implement these methods, have been made in recent years. Likelihood‐based, mixed‐effects model approaches implemented under the missing at random (MAR) framework are now easy to implement, and are commonly used to analyse clinical trial data. Furthermore, such approaches are more robust to the biases from missing data, and provide better control of Type I and Type II errors than LOCF ANOVA. Empirical research and analytic proof have demonstrated that the behaviour of LOCF is uncertain, and in many situations it has not been conservative. Using LOCF as a composite measure of safety, tolerability and efficacy can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a drug. This approach also violates the fundamental basis of statistics as it involves testing an outcome that is not a physical parameter of the population, but rather a quantity that can be influenced by investigator behaviour, trial design, etc. Practice should shift away from using LOCF ANOVA as the primary analysis and focus on likelihood‐based, mixed‐effects model approaches developed under the MAR framework, with missing not at random methods used to assess robustness of the primary analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

再谈历史心理学

西方心理史学,心态史学和历史心理学的研究目的虽不相同,但都把历史心理现象作为主要研究对象。因此有必要将三者结合创立历史心理学。历史心理学研究历史上个体心理和社会心理及其对历史事件和历史进程的影响。     

人的自由活动与实践美学的意义

实践美学从历史唯物主义出发 ,指出了美感和美是社会历史实践的产物。它是一种凸现了人、人的活动、人的自由活动的美学。在理论上 ,实践美学顺应历史的潮流 ,宣告了形而上学的终结 ,走出了古典主义的二元对立思维模式 ;在现实上 ,实践美学针对时代的虚无 ,高扬人的旗帜 ,为美学研究开辟了一片新的天地。     

Marginal and association regression models for longitudinal binary data with drop‐outs: A likelihood‐based approach

Longitudinal data often contain missing observations, and it is in general difficult to justify particular missing data mechanisms, whether random or not, that may be hard to distinguish. The authors describe a likelihood‐based approach to estimating both the mean response and association parameters for longitudinal binary data with drop‐outs. They specify marginal and dependence structures as regression models which link the responses to the covariates. They illustrate their approach using a data set from the Waterloo Smoking Prevention Project They also report the results of simulation studies carried out to assess the performance of their technique under various circumstances.     

朱彝尊“醇雅说”之探讨

指出浙西派创始人朱彝尊以其独特的"醇雅说"而在清代众多文学流派中独树一帜,其崇雅正、斥淫哇、抑豪放、偏清空的创作理念对当时及后世都产生了广泛的影响。结合朱氏生活的时代背景及其创作的大量的诗词作品,从多个角度探讨了朱氏作品的旨趣与风格,以期最终描绘出"醇雅说"的内涵及其在指导诗词创作中重要的理论价值。     

浅议高职学生心理素质教育

由于自身的特点 ,当代大学生面对社会变革和竞争压力 ,产生了诸多的心理问题乃至心理疾病。而高职学生作为其中的一个特殊群体 ,存在的心理问题更为突出。基于大学生心理素质教育的现实 ,本文分析了高职学生存在的心理问题及产生的原因 ,并有针对性地提出了解决的方法和途径。     

大学生网络交往调查研究

网络交往一直深受大学生青睐。笔者就此对266名大学生进行了访谈研究和问卷调研。问卷结构包括:上网时点分布、网名使用情况、交友方式及其发展、E交友积极与消极观念四大因素。基于数理统计结果,提出大学生E交友的八大心理特征。