公共危机管理和政府责任−以SARS疫情治理为例

基于“主体−事件−客体”分析框架,结合中国60起公共危机典型事件,利用模糊集定性比较分析（fs/QCA）方法来分析影响地方政府公共危机回应有效性的必要条件和组态情况。研究发现：地方政府公共危机回应极具复杂性,不存在促成地方政府公共危机回应有效性的单个必要条件;三种类型构成了地方政府公共危机回应有效性的实现路径,即“主体驱动型”“主体−事件平衡型”“综合型”;实现地方政府公共危机回应的有效性,需要“主体−事件−客体”合力完成。

     

大数据对中国电子政务发展的影响及应用

科技快速发展的信息时代, 网络中的海量信息给予用户更多选择浏览的可能, 但基于大数据的算法却在用户浏览信息中使其陷入了\     

政府关系与政府公共关系

政府关系的主体是企业,政府公共关系的主体是政府。政府关系是从企业角度出发,通过各种传播手段与政府这一特殊公众沟通,建立良好的政府关系。政府公共关系是从政府角度出发,通过开展公共关系活动,塑造政府的良好形象,与社会公众建立良好的关系,最终促进社会的进步与发展。当前,政府环境发生了很大变化,政府关系、政府公共关系开展的基本思路也不相同。     

农村义务教育均衡发展的财政对策研究

农村义务教育落后是我国长期存在的问题,一个重要原因是城乡教育资源配置不合理,无法切实保障农村地区义务教育事业的发展。这种二元化的教育结构已经影响到中国人口的教育质量,社会的公平与协调发展。农村税费改革后,原有的收费取消了,新的资金来源缺乏保证,城乡义务教育差距有进一步拉大的风险。积极有效地配置财政教育经费,有利于保证农村义务教育资金,提高农村教师的经济地位,改善农村义务教育水平,使城乡义务教育均衡发展。     

从西方国家行政理论的变迁看现代化政府的价值取向

本文论述了20世纪70年代以来,世界各主要西方国家行政理论的变迁,并立足于国情对如何理解和把握西方国家公共行政理论变迁中所体现的价值取向进行了分析研究。     

Bad News Has Wings: Dread Risk Mediates Social Amplification in Risk Communication

Social diffusion of information amplifies risk through processes of birth, death, and distortion of message content. Dread risk—involving uncontrollable, fatal, involuntary, and catastrophic outcomes (e.g., terrorist attacks and nuclear accidents)—may be particularly susceptible to amplification because of the psychological biases inherent in dread risk avoidance. To test this, initially balanced information about high or low dread topics was given to a set of individuals who then communicated this information through diffusion chains, each person passing a message to the next. A subset of these chains were also reexposed to the original information. We measured prior knowledge, perceived risk before and after transmission, and, at each link, number of positive and negative statements. Results showed that the more a message was transmitted the more negative statements it contained. This was highest for the high dread topic. Increased perceived risk and production of negative messages was closely related to the amount of negative information that was received, with domain knowledge mitigating this effect. Reexposure to the initial information was ineffectual in reducing bias, demonstrating the enhanced danger of socially transmitted information.     

It's Complicated: The 2014–2015 U.S. Measles Outbreak and Parents’ Vaccination Beliefs,Confidence, and Intentions

While it seems intuitive that highly visible vaccine‐preventable disease outbreaks should impact perceptions of disease risk and facilitate vaccination, few empirical studies exist to confirm or dispel these beliefs. This study investigates the impact of the 2014–2015 Disneyland measles outbreak on parents’ vaccination attitudes and future vaccination intentions. The analysis relies on a pair of public opinion surveys of American parents with at least one child under the age of six (N = 1,000 across each survey). Controlling for basic demographics, we found higher levels of reported confidence in the safety and efficacy of childhood vaccinations in our follow‐up data collection. However, this confidence was also accompanied by elevated levels of concern toward childhood vaccines among American parents. We then examined how different subgroups in the population scored on these measures before and after the outbreak. We found that parents with high levels of interest in the topic of vaccines and a child who is not fully upto date with the recommended vaccination schedule reported more supportive attitudes toward vaccines. However, future intentions to follow the recommended vaccination schedule were not positively impacted by the outbreak. Possible explanations for these results and implications for vaccination outreach are discussed.     

Area-based urban regeneration comparing Denmark and Japan

In this paper, we study the characteristics and results of two different approaches to urban regeneration which we have termed ‘Metagovernance’ and ‘Pluricentric coordination’ following. We studied this through a comparative study of area-based, participatory urban regeneration projects in Denmark and Japan, representing each one approach. The paper aims to clarify results of the two approaches in terms of five aspects of urban regeneration, relevant to the process and results: (1) strategic spatial improvement, (2) influence of the legal system and transparency of the processes, (3) empowerment of citizens and diversity of participants, (4) innovative capacity (diversity and creativity of the projects) and (5) continuity and flexibility of the projects. The paper concludes that each approach has strengths and weaknesses and that each country can learn from the other to strengthen future participatory urban regeneration.     

Determinants and Mapping of Collective Perceptions of Technological Risk: The Case of the Second Nuclear Power Plant in Taiwan

Nuclear power is a highly controversial and salient example of environmental risk. The siting or operating of a nuclear power plant often faces widespread public opposition. Although studies of public perceptions of nuclear power date back to 1970s, little research attempts to explain the spatial heterogeneity of risk attitude toward nuclear power among individuals or communities. This article intends to improve the knowledge about the major factors contributing to nuclear power plant risk perceptions by mapping the geographical patterns of local risk perception and examining the determinants in forming the nature and distribution of the perceived risk among potentially affected population. The analysis was conducted by a case study of the Second Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) in Taiwan by using a novel methodology that incorporates a comprehensive risk perception (CRP) model into an ethnographic approach called risk perception mapping (RPM). First, we examined the determinants of local nuclear power risk perceptions through the CRP model and multivariate regression analysis. Second, the results were integrated with the RPM approach to map and explain the spatial pattern of risk perceptions. The findings demonstrate that the respondents regard the nuclear power plant as an extremely high‐risk facility, causing them to oppose the SNPP and reject the compensation payment to accept its continuing operation. Results also indicate that perceptions of nuclear power risk were mainly influenced by social trust, psychological and socioeconomic attributes, proximity, and the perceived effects of the SNPP on the quality of everyday life.