Calendars and keys: The classification of “home” and “work”

This article presents a discussion of the relationship between classification systems and individuals' everyday activities. The concept of “boundary work” is defined as the practices that concretize and give meaning to mental frameworks by placing, maintaining, and challenging cultural categories. “Home” and “work” provide a case study for examining boundary work across a range of realm relationships, from those that are highly “integrating” to those that are highly “segmenting.” Boundary practices involving calendars and keys, clothes and appearances, eating and drinking, money, people and their representations (like photographs and gifts), talk styles and conversations, reading materials and habits, and work breaks (including lunches and vacations) are discussed. Mary Douglas's work on categorical purity helps illustrate the relationship between cognitive order and visible behavior seen in the boundary work of home and work. This article includes material that was published in a larger study,Home and Work: Negotiating Boundaries Through Everyday Life (1996 University of Chicago Press), after it was presented at the 1995 Eastern Sociological Society meetings in Philadelphia.     

Nondestructive creation: Entrepreneurship and management research in the study of growth

Economists’ focus on institutions in explaining economic growth, while important, can obscure the significant role played by individual entrepreneurs and the process of entrepreneurship. The prevailing view of entrepreneurship in economics (which continues to shape prevailing public policies) centers on Schumpeter's famous concept of “creative destruction.” In the context of sustained high levels of economic growth, as in the recent American experience, I focus on a different feature of entrepreneurship—“nondestructive creation,” in which the uncoordinated contest of ideas and search for new applications of existing ideas generate growth. And this nondestructive creation should be analyzed and can be fostered.     

企业管理实践课程的结构与方法

本文探讨了企业管理模拟实践课的界定、结构和教学方法等问题。本文认为,设置这类课程的目的是使学生在较短的时间内学会整合运用所学知识,体验企业运营全程,掌握发现问题和系统地解决问题的基本思路与方法。     

Defining child abuse: Exploring variations in ratings of discipline severity among child welfare practitioners

This study investigated child welfare practitioners’ ratings of the severity of parental discipline practices. Ratings varied by the type of act, age of the child, and by chronicity. Exploratory investigation into changes across time found that current practitioners (N = 27) rated several practices (e.g. spanking and shaking) as more severe than did professionals (N = 24) sampled in 1977. Results underscore the complexity of defining child maltreatment and offer implications for practitioners, applied researchers, and child welfare policy makers.The authors Stephen D. Whitney, Emiko A. Tajima, Todd I. Herrenkohl, and Bu Huang are affiliated with the School of Social Work, University of Washington.Work on this project is supported by funds from the Social Work Prevention Research Center, School of Social Work, University of Washington (National Institute of Mental Health Grant R24MH56599, Lewayne Gilchrist, PI) and by the University of Washington Royalty Research Fund.     

新时代高校劳动教育课程体系构建路径

纵观我国高校劳动教育现状,存在劳动教育窄化、弱化、虚化、淡化等问题,折射出劳动教育目的“偏离化”、教育观念“固有化”、教育方式“单向化”、教育途径“去身体化”等价值困境。基于当前时代发展的现实需求、全面教育的根本要求,加强劳动教育课程体系建设迫在眉睫。通过认知新时代劳动的“变”与“不变”,践行劳动树德、增智、强体、育美的功能,融合家庭、学校、社会间的关系,把握劳动课程开发的时代性、体系化、协同化原则,以课程编制的“四段论”为基本,正确认识劳动价值的课程目标、丰富劳动资源的课程内容、优化劳动配置的课程实施、提升劳动效果的课程评价,完善高校劳动教育课程化的构建。     

Work and rest in the long-distance road transport industry in Australia

To date management of fatigue in professional drivers has largely focused on strategies that limit the amount of time spent on the job. These approaches have, however, not taken into account the well-documented effect of time of day. Consequently, the likely impact of the pattern and timing of work and rest has received little attention. The results revealed that the group of drivers who did the shortest trips and worked the shortest weekly hours were the lowest reporters of fatigue, although longer hours were not always associated with the highest reporting of fatigue. In contrast, the shortest working hours were associated with earliest onset of fatigue. For all drivers, the influence of circadian rhythms was evident in the occurrence of fatigue, with better management of the problem evident among drivers who were able to arrange the timing of rest to more closely coincide with periods of fatigue. Thus, time of day appeared to be a more important influence in determining effective rest than did period of work. These findings raise questions about the validity of the assumption underlying work hour regulations for long-distance drivers which, currently, are universally based on duration of work.     

父母教养方式与中学生自尊的相关研究

采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和自尊量表(SES),分别对初一、初二、初三194名初中生进行了自尊和父母教养方式团体测验,将测验结果进行相关统计,并对研究结果进行分析发现,(1)不同性别学生所感受到的父母教养方式存在差异。(2)不同性别学生的自尊没有差异;不同年级学生的自尊有差异。(3)中学生的自尊与其所感受到的来自父母的情感温暖与理解有显著的正相关,而与父母的惩罚、严厉,拒绝、否认以及父亲的过度保护有显著的负相关。     

欧美企业克服传统预算管理缺陷的最新实践

由于传统预算管理存在缺乏灵活性、缺乏效率等缺陷,欧美企业采取了一系列的改进措施,如广泛运用信息一体化技术、注重预算与战略的结合、运用一体化的预测模型等方法和手段提高预算的灵活性和效率,取得了良好的效果.     

论跨国主义及其理论贡献

跨国主义理论的出现和发展为学术界,尤其是为移民和跨国、跨文化研究领域做出了理论贡献。文章介绍了跨国主义的缘起和定义;通过文献分析,对该理论在发展过程中所形成的三大核心概念,即跨国活动、跨国社会空间和跨国认同进行了全面阐述;立足于现有的研究成果,提出跨国主义理论贡献是在研究视角和逻辑、分析框架及研究方法等三方面给学术界带来了变革性的影响。