Pre-adolescents' Peer-relational Schemas and Social Goals across Relational Contexts

Current theorists stress the context-specificity of social behaviors and social cognitions. Although researchers have started to investigate the relationship as one context that might influence social cognitions, relatively little is known about the influence of relational context on the social goals endorsed by children and adolescents. The current study tested the hypothesis that pre-adolescents' goals would vary between individuals as well as across relational contexts, and examined factors that might explain such variation. Participants (N  =  102, 11–12 years) filled in questionnaires regarding their social goals and self- and peer-perceptions when around each same-sex classmate. Both goals and perceptions displayed significant variation between individuals, as well as between different relationship contexts. The goals pre-adolescents pursued in different relationships were partly explained by varying perceptions of self and of the relationship partner in each relational context, as well as by the affective nature of the relationship. After accounting for the relationship-specific variation, few associations were significant at the individual level. The results highlight the importance of studying contextual variance in social goals and social cognitions in general.     

The practice of systemic reflexivity

What does it mean to practise systemic reflexivity? Much has been written on reflective practice but less is known of the practice of systemic reflexivity. This paper is a contribution towards expanding on what is known of the practice of systemic reflexivity. In this endeavour, a contextualising narrative of how ideas of the practice of systemic reflexivity merged within the systemic field is followed by an exploration of reflective practice and systemic reflexivity, using McGilchrist’s approach of interpersonal neuroscience. The purpose is to demonstrate how the two concepts of reflective practice and systemic reflexivity combined could enhance social work practice. However, this is not to deny the current literature that we have on reflection and reflexivity, but there is a need to continue creating space to widen dialogue in this area as a way of keeping the ideas alive and generating alternative ways of working with the two concepts.     

试析民国时期的祖先信仰

在民国这个社会大动荡、制度大更迭、思想大发展时期,几乎所有事物都在经历着变革,作为思想范畴的祖先信仰也出现很大变化。在这一时期,由于内外诸多原因极大地打击了由祖先崇拜维系的宗族制度,在很大程度破除了附着在祖先崇拜这个神位上的封建枷锁,以祖宗之名束缚人性的制度遭到了严重破坏,在一定程度上撼动了压制子孙的这尊祖先神灵,神圣的祖先信仰已经开始动摇。但是人们对缅怀先人、尊宗敬祖的传统美德却完好地继承了下来。     

基于灰关联分析的大学生成绩影响因素研究——以河南工业大学为例

通过对河南工业大学在校大学生的学习情况进行抽样问卷调查，利用灰关联分析对调查结果进行了研究，分析了影响学生学习成绩的主要因素，并给出了有导向性的指导。     

Relational Health and Masculine Gender-Role Conflict in the Friendships and Community Relationships of Bisexual,Gay, and Straight Men

This study examined how men's masculine gender-role conflict and the importance men placed on interpersonal relationships in defining their self-identities predicted their relational health experiences in same-sex, dyadic friendships and community relationships. Using an Internet sample of 283 self-identified bisexual, gay, and straight men, results of hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that for men across sexual orientations, the more importance men placed on interpersonal relationships with other men, the greater the degree of relational health they experienced in dyadic friendships. Additionally, for bisexual and gay men in dyadic friendships with other men, gender-role conflict was inversely related to the relational health of their friendships. In the domain of community relationships, the importance that bisexual and straight men placed on interpersonal relationships in defining their self-identities and levels of gender-role conflict predicted relational health experiences. For gay men, however, feelings of masculine gender-role conflict, alone, predicted poorer relational health in community relationships. Study limitations, clinical implications for practice, and future research directions are discussed.     

《彷徨》中的“牺牲”主题——“为爱而牺牲”

鲁迅是现代历史语境中对"牺牲"意识有着深刻体悟与自觉承担的作家和思想者。他在《呐喊》中所表现的是先觉者为大众自愿牺牲后所遭受的不被理解、甚至被大众所利用、嘲笑的主题,《彷徨》表现的则是先觉者在改革主张受到挫折、打击后退回家庭生活时甘愿为亲人牺牲而最终仍无法得到爱的主题,即"为爱而牺牲"的主题,而且在《在酒楼上》《孤独者》《伤逝》等作品中表现出这一思路的延续性。     

Investigating the association between callous‐unemotional traits with relational bullying and victimization: A cross‐national study

Prior research supports an association between callous‐unemotional (CU) traits with relational bullying, but evidence associating CU traits with relational victimization is limited. Further, the relationship between CU traits with relational “bully,” “bully‐victim,” and “victim” classifications has been largely neglected. The current study addresses these critical gaps in the literature using a cross‐national study design. The sample comprised of 1887 (51.5% of girls) Greek and Cypriot children (MAge = 11.17) who completed a battery of self‐report measures. Group differences suggested that children in the relational bully and bully‐victim groups scored higher on CU traits compared to children in the victim and low‐risk groups. Although these associations were similar across countries, boys in Greece were more likely to be identified in the bullying only group. In contrast, boys in Cyprus represented the higher percentage identified as bully‐victims and girls in Cyprus represented the higher percentage identified as victim‐only. Regression analysis results indicated that CU traits predicted relational bullying but not victimization. Notwithstanding, other important unexamined factors known to contribute to relational bullying and victimization, our findings suggest that prevention efforts should consider CU traits in order to protect youth from relational bullying. However, differences between countries and gender should also be taken into account.     

R＆D经费投入带动中国经济增长的时滞性分析

研究和试验发展（R＆D）是科技活动中最具有创造性和创新性的内容。基于灰色关联分析方法构建时滞分析模型,研究了中国基础研究、应用研究和试验发展的经费投入带动经济增长的时滞性,结果显示：基础研究和应用研究的经费投入带动经济增长的滞后期均在9年以上,随着滞后期的延长这种带动作用呈现上升趋势;而试验发展的经费投入带动经济增长的滞后期为4年左右,随着滞后期的延长这种带动作用呈现下降的趋势。从科技战略的长远发展考虑,中国既要继续增加R＆D经费投入总量,也要重视不同研究性质经费投入的协调发展。     

Uses and limitations of dichotomous aggregate relational data

Aggregate relational data (ARD) on relationships between individuals and subgroups have been informative for studying egocentric network size and degree distributions, assessing segregation in contact with subpopulations, and estimating the size of unlisted groups. Scale-up models for ARD usually assume survey data giving counts of acquaintances in subpopulations, but a closed-ended response format that asks respondents to select a category covering a range of counts may be less burdensome. The simplest (dichotomous) such format distinguishes between having one or more acquaintances in a subpopulation and having none; many existing position generator data take this form. We assess the potential of dichotomous ARD by adapting existing methods for inference from count ARD to accommodate such data. We find that they permit estimation of degree distributions for basic scale-up models, though estimates are less precise than those from count ARD. Dichotomous ARD do not contain sufficient information to model segregation, however. These limitations may be addressed by estimating segregation using respondent heterogeneity on observed covariates, and/or by using a slightly expanded closed response format (0, 1, or two or more acquaintances). Our results suggest how the applications of position generator data – which typically collect dichotomous ARD – might be broadened to encompass questions studied using ARD.