Effects of mandatory notification training on the tendency to report hypothetical cases of child abuse and neglect

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of mandated notification training upon the tendency of individuals to report hypothetical cases of abuse and neglect. A second objective was to investigate the factors that influence the decision to report and to determine whether mandated notification training had an effect on these factors. Comparisons were drawn between a no training and a recent training group (with random allocation). An additional group of participants who had received training some time ago was included. Five hypothetical vignettes were responded to by 41 teachers and school personnel who had recently completed training, 31 people who had not completed training and 73 people who had completed training some years previously. Where the quality of evidence of abuse and thus suspicion of abuse was relatively high, there were no differences in the likelihood of reporting between trained and untrained participants, all of whom were very likely to report. Ambiguous evidence of abuse had a strong negative influence on reporting likelihood, although mandatory reporting training reduced this inhibition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新闻理想的艰难追寻:公共新闻学在实践中的困境

公共新闻学自20世纪80年代末、90年代初兴起于美国新闻界,是从业者致力于新闻理想的一次努力。而近年来,随着国内一些地方性报纸和电视节目改革的开展,不仅使这类媒体和节目本身成了学界探讨的热点,也使得“公共新闻学”一词被引入国内的新闻传播实践,并引起了广泛关注。其实,从其诞生开始,公共新闻学所提倡的理念和进行的新闻实践,一直是具有争议性和探索性的话题。本文从公共新闻学的发展和现状出发,着重对其在实践中面临的困境进行了分析,以期引起国内学界和业界的进一步思考。     

Does the mandate make a difference? reporting decisions in emotional abuse

Mandated (N = 57) and non‐mandated (N = 94) reporters were questioned as to their perceptions of the seriousness of 20 vignettes related to child emotional abuse, as well as their willingness to report the actions contained in the vignettes to child protective services. No difference was observed between mandated and non‐mandated reporters on the mean number of vignettes considered reportable. In addition, several psychosocial variables, including perceptions of teasing, political viewpoint, tendencies towards diffuse responsibility, perceptions of child protective services (CPS) and attitude towards helping others, were measured. Separate regression equations for mandated and non‐mandated reporters showed two different models in predicting reporting tendencies. Mandated reporters were most affected by the seriousness of the situation and their willingness to engage in prosocial behaviour, whereas non‐mandated reporters were most motivated by judgements of the seriousness of the abusive situation and their faith in child protective services. Being a male was also observed to be more predictive of reporting for non‐mandated reporters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业假账成因及防治对策

我国尚处于社会主义市场经济初级阶段,与经济活动相关的诸多领域存在法律及制度缺陷。特别是加入WTO后,人们的思想道德观念发生了深刻的变化。在企业经营管理领域,因利益驱动,企业财务会计造假恶性事件频频发生。通过对企业假账的基本含义、产生原因、主要手段及社会危害的分析探讨,从法律与道德层面提出了治理企业会计造假的基本途径和方法。     

Occupational Segregation and the Tipping Phenomenon: The Contrary Case of Court Reporting in the USA

The ‘tipping’ phenomenon, whereby an occupation switches from dominance by one demographic group to dominance by another, has occurred in various occupations. Multiple causes have been suggested for such switches, including several related to technological change, both through effects on the performance of the work and through the effect of changing demand for different occupations. The court reporting occupation provides a novel setting for testing the relevance of various proposed causes for the increased feminization of many occupations. In this case, many of the general correlates, including declining wages, are not found; rather the phenomenon is related to the earlier feminization of the clerical workforce and the increased identification of court reporting with clerical work.     

徐州市当前国企改革稳定问题的新动向及思考

徐州市国资委是推进企业改制的主要部门,但一直以来企业改制后职工信访时有发生,特别是早期改制的企业职工信访形势比较严峻。结合工作实际,对这一问题进行分析,并提出对策。     

Evidence maps: communicating risk assessments in societal controversies: the case of engineered nanoparticles

The transparent and fair characterization of scientific evidence for reporting the results of a hazard assessment is a demanding task. In this article, we present an approach for characterizing evidence--the evidence map approach. The theoretical starting point is to view evidence characterization as a form of argumentation. Thus, evidence maps are designed to depict the evidence base, the pro and con arguments, and the remaining uncertainties, which together lead experts to their conclusions when summarizing and evaluating the scientific evidence about a potential hazard. To illustrate its use, the evidence maps approach is applied to characterizing the health-relevant effects of engineered nanoparticles. Empirical data from an online survey suggests that the use of evidence maps improves the reporting of hazard assessments. Nonexperts prefer to receive the information included in an evidence map in order to come to an informed judgment. Furthermore, the benefits and limitations of evidence maps are discussed in the light of recent literature on risk communication. Finally, the article underlines the need for further research in order to increase quality of evidence reporting.     

体裁分析理论与批判性意识的建构模式研究

体裁分析理论强调学术语篇中批判性意识的体现。英语专业学生的学士学位论文在选择层面上较单一、欠完整,尤其缺乏主动构建自身研究视角以及对前人研究成果的批判性意识,与论文写作的规范还存在一定差距,学位论文的写作能力有待进一步提高。     

论人权条约监督机构的国家报告程序对食物权的保障——以经济社会文化权利委员会的实践为中心

迄今为止,国家报告程序是人权条约监督机构保障食物权的主要程序,该程序不仅能指出报告国在食物权保障上存在的问题,提出批评和建议,而且能够表扬其成功之处,在全世界推广其先进经验。由于缺乏公众参与,报告国刻意逃避问题,以及延迟提交报告等原因,报告程序在保障食物权时仍然面临困难。为此,应该加强报告制定过程中以及审议报告时的市民社会参与,并加强事后监督。另外,还应充分利用其他三种程序,并谋求人权条约监督机构的改革。     

唐代灾害奏报与监察制度略论

中国的灾害奏报与监察在经历了秦汉魏晋的发展之后,在唐代已经基本成熟,灾情的申报,官员的检覆、监察都已形成了固定的程序,在救灾中得到了执行,并收到一定的效果。但唐代的报灾制度中一直存在着救灾与中央财政控制之间的矛盾,唐政府一直在为提高受灾地方政府应对灾害的主动性和效率而努力。唐代的报灾与灾情监察制度为宋元明清救灾制度的进一步完善奠定了基础。