中国城镇居民消费比较研究

利用斯通(R.stone)线性支出系统对江苏、浙江两省城镇居民消费问题在基本需求、边际预算倾向、需求弹性方面进行比较研究,可以看出,江苏、浙江两省的城镇居民消费水平在各省中已处于优势地位。提高城镇居民消费水平,前提是经济增长。     

论治安行政权的内容与形式

当前治安管理学研究中对治安管理手段的传统划分存在逻辑错误 ,这源于迄今尚未对治安行政权的内容作出比较全面的概括 ,因此界定治安行政权的内容十分必要 ,同时也具备可行性。多角度的分类有助于对治安行政权内容进行全面分析并可以深入理解治安行政权的特点。治安行政权的具体内容及形式可以按照治安行政规范制定权 (含治安行政立法权 )———治安行政执法权———治安行政司法权的基本思路进行归纳     

高等教育管理体制改革中的薪酬问题与对策

随着事业单位分类改革进程的推进,薪酬制度成为高等教育管理体制改革的重要内容之一。本文在简述我国高校薪酬体制改革历程的基础上,分析了薪酬制度改革中存在的问题与产生的原因,提出了解决问题的原则及对策。即鉴于高等教育的社会公益属性,其高校分配制度改革应着力兼顾效率与公平。     

Donating-selling tradeoffs and the influence of leaders in the environmental goods game

Contributions to environmental goods are motivated by both pecuniary incentives and environmental consciousness. Public policy often uses financial incentives to encourage contributions. However, individuals often donate their time or money to the environmental cause without such incentives. The purpose of this paper is: (a) to examine the relationship between “donating” (without monetary incentives) and “selling” behavior (motivated by monetary incentives) of individuals in the context of environmental protection and (b) to analyze the influence of a leader on individual contributions to the environmental good. The major results are: (1) there is a tradeoff/substitution between donating and selling for a given level of incentives; (2) donating is much less sensitive to changes in monetary incentives and, furthermore, there is no evidence that the increase in financial incentives to sell will crowd out donations; (3) the changes in contributions by leaders have a significant impact on followers’ behavior.     

Social trust and human development

A series of studies connect social trust to economic growth. In this paper, we explore the connection between trust and a broader measure of development, the UN Human Development Index. We find that trust is significantly associated with faster human development in the 1980–2005 period. The impact of trust occurs mainly in less democratic countries.     

Trust, tenure insecurity, and land certification in rural Ethiopia

This paper assesses the impact of a land certification program in Ethiopia on the level of interpersonal and institutional trust among households in the Amhara region. The land certification program is designed to enhance land tenure security of farmers, by maintaining (egalitarian) status quo land distribution and equity concerns. The major contribution of the analysis lies in the exogenous nature of the program which addresses the endogeneity problems that characterize related studies, assessing the impact of policy related variables on trust. The effects of the land certification program on trust are identified both by the difference-in-difference approach and by non-parametrical analysis of average treatment effects. Overall trust is found to be enhanced by the certification program, with trust towards formal institutions being more responsive to the program than interpersonal trust. The major policy implication of the result is that trust could be invested on through policy changes regarding the economic betterment of societies.     

Procrastination, prompts, and preferences: Evidence from daily records of self-directed learning activities

This paper presents evidence showing that a libertarian paternalistic intervention having significant but uneven effects on the student procrastination of a coursework assignment. We observe the degree of procrastination in a language course at a Japanese university with individuals’ electronic records of daily activities. With a quasi-experiment that generates variations in the frequency of interventions and the preference of students towards the course, we examine the effects of in-class verbal prompts by an instructor on the timing of task completion. We find that prompts affect behavior, especially when reinforced, but the responsiveness depends on the class preferences and the timing of interventions.     

自然人民事行为能力制度的类型化及其效力——兼论我国现行民事行为能力制度之完善

民事行为能力制度在本质上是民法理性主义和民事权利能力制度的实证贯彻,而民事行为能力制度的类型化则是实现自然人的人格自由的法律保障。类型化的行为能力制度的直接目的是确定各类行为能力人的行为在法律上的不同效果,其根本目的则旨在保障意思能力欠缺者的合法权益,并兼顾交易安全。其中,类型化的基础是自然人的意思能力,类型化的标准则是以年龄标准为主线,同时辅之以精神健康标准,类型化的具体种类包括以德国法为代表的三级制与以日本法为代表的两级制。三级制与两级制模式的区别主要集中于关于无行为能力制度的立法取舍和对于限制行为能力人所为行为的效力规定上。其中,三级制模式关于无行为能力制度的立法规定存在重大改进之必要,而两级制模式对于限制行为能力人所为行为的效力规定也存在理论逻辑上的混乱。我国现行的民事行为能力制度,在类型化制度的具体构造和各类行为能力人的行为效力规定方面,都存在诸多的完善空间。     

环境会计在石油企业的应用

企业是经济发展的主要推动者,同时也是环境污染的罪魁祸首。石油企业作为高污染的企业之一,它对环境的保护负有不可推卸的责任。那么,在石油企业中推行环境会计,将环境管理融入企业全面管理之中并对环境成本与效益进行确认与计量成为了企业可持续发展的必由之路。