Union Transitions Among Cohabitors: The Significance of Relationship Assessments and Expectations

Data from both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) were used to estimate the effects of couple‐level measures of cohabitors' relationship assessments and expectations on their union transitions. Although positive relationship assessments deterred separation, they did not hasten entry into marriage. Female partners' negative assessments of the relationship increased the odds of separation, whereas such reports among male partners weakened the odds of marriage. Plans to marry were positively associated with marriage entry, but this effect was considerably larger for White couples than it was for Black couples. Cohabitors' expectations that their union would dissolve were also associated with union transitions. When both partners reported an even to high chance of dissolution, the odds of marriage were low, and the odds of separation were high. Cohabitors' own relationship assessments and expectations are significant predictors of their union outcomes.     

以人为本 做好新时期离退休职工思想政治工作

文章针对企业离退休职工的特点、存在的问题,就如何做好新时期企业离退休职工的思想政治工作,提出了新的思路和途径。     

Caregiving transitions: Developmental and gendered perspectives

Providing care for family members is a life event that both reflects and influences family dynamics. Caregiving careers, or the length of time a person provides care, are characterized by a series of transitions to which they must continuously adapt. Women are more likely than men to assume the caregiver role and this role encompasses gender inequalities associated with work and caregiving expectations. This article presents qualitative data from interviews conducted with caregivers who participated in a community-based supportive services program. The experiences of these women provide insight into how caregivers transition into their role, strategies for supporting new and experienced caregivers, and their concerns for their future. Developmental and gendered perspectives of caregiving were used as a context to analyze their experiences.     

Working Beyond the Traditional Retirement Age: The Influence of Health on Australia’s Older Workers

This article examines the relationship between health and workforce participation beyond the age of 65 years in Australia. This study found that people with a chronic health condition were less likely to be employed than those without a health condition (OR, 0.59; 95% CI [0.38, 0.92]). Among those with a chronic health condition, those in income quartile 2 (OR, 0.27; 95% CI [0.11, 0.67]) and 3 (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, [0.15–0.93]) were significantly less likely to be employed relative to those in income quartile 4. Older workers with a chronic health condition were less likely to work beyond the age of 65; however, among those with a chronic health condition, those with very high income and those with very low income were the most likely to keep working.     

我国退休年龄是否应该调整？——国内相关研究综述

随着我国经济的发展、社会的进步、科学医疗技术水平和生活水平的不断提高,人口的预期寿命不断延长,导致人口老龄化程度的不断加深,这给我国的经济发展、社会保障带来沉重的压力。我国现行的退休制度是19世纪50年代制定的,退休制度的一个重要内容是退休年龄,因而是否应该调整退休年龄也成为目前学术界讨论的热点话题之一。目前学术界的主流观点是我国应该提高退休年龄;但是,推延退休也面临一些矛盾,因此有学者提出目前应维持现行退休年龄。本文对正反两方面观点分别进行归纳梳理并介绍了退休年龄的调整方案。     

健康冲击、基本医疗保险与老年人“退而不休”

在我国进入深度老龄化、劳动力供给不足的背景下,探究健康以及基本医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响对未来合理有效开发老年人力资源具有重要意义。本文使用四期CHARLS数据将健康冲击、医疗保险与老年人退而不休放在一个统一的分析框架中,分别考察了健康冲击、新农合以及城镇职工医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响,并进一步探究了医疗保险对老年人退而不休影响的健康异质性。结果表明:健康冲击对老年人退而不休意愿和劳动时间均有显著正向促进效应,且对劳动时间的影响有明显城乡差异,对农村地区影响更大。新农合会明显激励农村老年人选择退而不休,发生比率提高为未参合时的3.59倍,但会降低劳动时间,全年平均减少了21.21天;而城镇职工医疗保险对老年人退而不休意愿没有显著影响,但会增加劳动时间,全年平均增加了13.92天,且对劳动时间供给更多的个体,其激励效应逐渐减弱。同时,医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响还存在性别差异,其中新农合对女性退而不休意愿影响更大,但对劳动时间并没有显著的性别差异;而职工医疗保险对女性退而不休意愿、对男性劳动时间影响更大。此外,本文还发现医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响存在健康异质性,对健康变差的群体影响更大。     

社会保障对退休行为及人力资本投资的影响

社会保障制度通过改变劳动者自身收入在时间上的配置、代内收入再分配和养老金收益水平等因素来影响其退休行为。本文通过劳动报酬法分析退休行为对人力资本投资的影响,得出劳动者推迟退休时,人力资本的价值将会增大,这将激励劳动者增加对人力资本的投资。同时,本文在二期迭代模型的分析框架下,研究了现收现付制社会保障制度对退休行为的影响,结论显示提高社会保障缴费率将增加劳动者的退休年限,即劳动者将选择提前退休,进而不利于人力资本投资。     

Associations between stress at work and attitudes towards retirement in hospital physicians

There is a need to understand the associations between attitudes towards retirement in specific occupations and various psychosocial and work-related factors. This study identified correlates of retirement thoughts and retirement preference in hospital physicians. The sample comprised 447 (251 male and 196 female) physicians from three hospital districts in Finland. After adjustment for gender, age and salary, minor psychiatric morbidity increased likelihood of retirement thoughts and retirement preference. Retirement thoughts and retirement preference were more common in doctors reporting low job control, poor teamwork and unjust supervision than in doctors perceiving their working conditions more favorably. Work preference was associated with high overwork. The associations of work characteristics with retirement thoughts and retirement preference largely persisted after control for indicators of health and social circumstances. In conclusion, in addition to demographic and financial factors and health, retirement attitudes in hospital physicians seem to be related to organizational and managerial factors that are potentially amendable to intervention. This has implications for retaining hospital physicians who might otherwise retire.