非正常退休的经济效应分析

从非正常退休的视角分析其产生的经济效应。以辽宁省城镇职工非正常退休状况对养老金收支影响的预测结果为依据,重点阐述了提前退休和推迟退休对劳动力就业．养老保险基金收支均衡、制度赡养率等方面的经济效应产生的影响,提出了财政补贴、扩大覆盖面、控制提前退休适当推迟退休年龄、降低工资替代率提高缴费年限等相应的协调退休年龄与养老金收支均衡的建议。     

浅析杜甫信奉道教的原因

关于杜甫与道教的关系,争论颇多,概括起来不外乎两种。一种认为杜甫对道教信仰的虔诚比李白有过之而无不及;另一种否认杜甫信道,认为道教仅仅给杜诗增添了斑斓的色彩。从杜甫的诗赋入手,以杜解杜,继而得出杜甫有崇道行为和道教信仰,并从时代风气、个人心结、坎坷遭遇、多病身躯几个方面剖析了他信奉道教的原因。     

Precarious lives,precarious labour: family support and young men's transitions to work in the UK

This research is about young people, family support and transitions into the workforce. We provide the results of a comparative, qualitative study with young men in two southern English towns. We argue that relationships of support in families are vital to young people's ability to ‘navigate’ precarious labour market opportunities. As Youth Studies has become increasingly preoccupied with individualism, we are compelled to draw attention to the collective support that is necessary to ‘launch’ the life trajectories of young people who are transitioning into an economic environment marked by insecurity and uncertainty. We conclude with recommendations for future research.     

论韩愈《毛颖传》的托讽旨意与俳谐艺术

韩愈《毛颖传》并非是抒发作者有才而不能见用的感慨,或是揭露统治阶级的内部矛盾,而是曲折表达了韩愈对体现在官员致仕问题上的君臣之道的理解,在这个问题上,韩愈与白居易、裴度等人所代表的意见存在分歧,从中折射出元和士人政治态度的分殊。《毛颖传》通过微末之物模仿庄重之举产生俳谐意趣,这一笔法与中唐以至五代某些流行的文学观念存在冲突,因此对此文的批评基本上出现于这个时期,宋代以后,韩愈的地位受到充分尊重,对此文的评价转而以肯定为主。     

Cross-border retirement migration plan in Hong Kong middle-aged adults

The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting cross-border retirement migration plans in Hong Kong using a life-course model as the framework. Data were based on a representative random sample of 1867 adults aged between 45 and 59, who were interviewed in person in 2001. About 6.7% of these respondents planned to migrate to Mainland China after retirement or when they become older. Those who planned to migrate to Mainland China (n=126) were more likely to be male, to be employed in white-collar occupations, to have attained higher levels of education, and to possess non-self-occupied properties, but less likely to live with adult children than those who did not plan to migrate at all (n=1699). The Government must examine and anticipate the socio-economic impact of this future retirement migration on Hong Kong and formulate measures to effectively reduce its negative consequences.     

Generational equity and the reformulation of retirement

Starting from an examination of the essential components of the long-established contract between the generations, the analysis moves on to examine public policy responses to the aging of populations. Observing an international inclination to panic at the growth of old age and to restrict expenditure on services to older people, the article addresses practical questions of political economy within the generational contract. On the one hand, cuts to pensions and services are seen not to be economically inevitable. On the other, it is argued that modern retirement breaches the compact between the generations and will need to be reformulated, enabling more people to earn income well beyond current retirement ages.     

Women against the state: Political opportunities and collective action frames in chile's transition to democracy

While transitions to democracy have been hailed as the most important phenomena of this century, few scholars understand the role that women have played in these metamorphoses. This article uses an historical in-depth case study to examine how and why women mobilized against the state in Chile. Previous social movement theories have not attended adequately to cultural and ideational elements (e.g., gender ideology), much less these factors in the Third World and authoritarian context. In contrast, the present study modifies and extends the concepts of political opportunity structure and collective action frames, suggesting that the manner in which ideology and cultural themes are framed may provide opportunities for protest, especially in the authoritarian context. Specifically, the rise and fall of broader mobilizational frames or master frames shapes how movement-specific frames compete, decay, and transform, as some master frames create space for certain ideas (e.g., feminism) while others do not. New hypotheses regarding the use of collective action frames in a nondemocratic setting are offered.This article was presented at the American Sociological Association annual meeting, Miami, Florida, August 1993.     

The Selection of Partial or Full Retirement by Older Workers

The study investigated whether older workers chose partial or full retirement instead of full-time work. Partial or full retirement status was modeled as a combination of self-reported retirement status and change in number of hours worked. The results of multinomial logistic regression using data from the first and fifth waves of the Health and Retirement Study collected in 1992 and 2000 showed that age and gender had similar effects on the likelihood of partial and full retirement. Full retirement was also influenced by investment assets, pensions, employee health insurance, and poor health. The likelihood of partial retirement was also influenced by self-employment, chronic health conditions, and education. Workers who seek partial retirement need working conditions that allow them to make this choice.     

Beyond the Career Mystique: “Time In,” “Time Out,” and “Second Acts”

The career mystique is the belief that working hard and putting in long hours continuously throughout adulthood is the path to occupational success, personal fulfillment, and a secure retirement. This is a false myth, increasingly irrelevant for most contemporary Americans, given that (1) few employees today have the back up of full-time homemakers, and (2) a competitive, information economy has fostered a global labor market, destroying the implicit contract linking seniority with security. America’s 21st century workforce requires a reconfiguration of “time in” paid work, including opportunities for “time outs,” as well as for “second acts.”President’s Address, Annual Meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, February 2004; also presented at the parallel research and policy forum “Sustainable Careers for a Changing Workforce.”     

Parental Residential and Partnering Transitions and the Initiation of Adolescent Romantic Relationships

This study focused on the possible links between parental residential and partnering transitions (a parent's move out of the household, introduction of a new maternal and paternal partner) and the initiation of romantic relationships in adolescence. Using data from a prospective cohort study of Dutch adolescents (the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey; N = 1,513), recurrent event discrete‐time models with random effects were estimated, controlling for the initial family structure and quality of family climate. The results demonstrated that when all 3 events were considered, only the initiation of a new romantic relationship by the mother was associated with an increase in the odds of initiating a romantic relationship for the adolescent.