Costs and Rewards of Children: The Effects of Becoming a Parent on Adults' Lives

How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well‐being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self‐efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men.     

论行政自由裁量权的法律控制

行政自由裁量权是行政机关拥有的一种行政权 ,在我国运用范围较为广泛 ,且有其合理存在的依据。但是 ,由于诸多方面的原因 ,又常常导致行政自由裁量权的滥用 ,为了实现依法行政 ,必须对行政自由裁量权进行控制     

关于规范普通话水平测试工作的思考

规范普通话水平测试工作 ,必须健全制度 ,建设好管理人员和测试人员队伍 ,并做好普通话培训、考务管理、测试等具体工作环节     

Valuation of childhood risk reduction: the importance of age, risk preferences, and perspective.

This article explores two problems analysts face in determining how to estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The first addresses the question: Do willingness‐to‐pay estimates for health risk changes differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this question, the article first examines the potential effects of age and risk preferences on willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical evidence of differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety risk reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk reductions in children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a more fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing children's health effects—society's, children's, adults‐as‐children, or parents'? Each perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that adopting a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model seems closest to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy example in which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory benefit‐cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the importance of perspective.     

长歌当哭，寓悲于闲——晚唐送人赴任诗情感探微

送人赴任之作,在唐代别离诗中占有相当大比例.盛唐人的这类诗歌,往往忽略了别离之伤情.反之,晚唐却固囿于这一伤情,并将此进一步深化,深化的结果,就是诗歌中闲情的泛滥.这不是偶然的,而是晚唐文人大范围接受佛道思想的必然结果.     

基因序列的可专利性研究

从基因序列的发明发现之争、基因序列的创造性和实用性分析、基因序列专利保护对社会公共利益的影响三个方面出发,对基因序列的专利保护问题进行了深入具体的分析探讨,最终发现:从理论上讲,没有足够充分的理由阻止基因序列的专利保护,但是各国对基因序列的专利保护应当根据本国基因资源拥有、生物科技的发展等具体情况而定。     

关于我国水权法律制度的思考

水权的涵义和性质是近年来法学界关注的热点问题,目前我国学者对水权的内涵和性质都没有统一的看法,文章通过对水权内涵的界定,认为水权是一种用益物权。在此基础上分析了我国现行水资源法律制度的缺陷,并提出了完善我国水权法律制度的建议。     

房产典当及其立法思考

房产典当,性质上属于营业抵押,是典当行为了确保在当期届满时出当人归还当金本息,对于出当人所有的不转移占有的不动产当物所设定的一种担保;应在未来的《物权法》的“抵押权”中增设“营业抵押权”的一般规定,并出台一部由最高立法机关制定的特别法《典当法》,以具体规定房产典当法律关系。     

《全宋诗》拾零

依据近人徐乃昌《安徽通志稿.金石古物考》所著录的宋代石刻材料,考核《全宋诗》相关内容,辑录佚诗25首,可补《全宋诗》之缺。     

教育史上的壮烈篇章--抗战时期武汉学校内迁纪实

文章回顾了抗战期间武汉各类学校分别迁往四川、云南、鄂西等地的艰难岁月,陈述了师生艰苦奋斗,共度时艰的事例,表现了师生在温饱不保的战乱环境中发愤工作、努力学习、宣传抗日救亡的民族精神.