中国人口性别结构的区域差异及演变动态分析

人口性别构成是影响人类婚姻、人口再生产的基本因素，也影响国家经济、政治、文化、教育等方面的发展，也是编制经济、文化、教育、科技、卫生、人民生活、劳动、城乡建设等发展规划的重要依据。同时对于中国当前正在进行的和谐社会建设也具有重要意义。利用中国五次人口普查资料及2005年1％人口抽样资料分析了中国总人口性别比演变动态及地理分布特征。表明：（1）中国在历史上是一个性别比偏高的国家，新中国总人口性别比呈下降趋势；（2）1953到2005年，年龄性别比曲线越来越平稳，性别比最高峰值呈现有低龄组向中龄组及高龄组转移的趋势；（3）各省区之间及城乡之间的性别结构差异由大变小；（4）山区性别比高于平原。重工业城市高于其他城市。大城市高于小城市。     

A bayesian estimator for the dependence function of a bivariate extreme‐value distribution

Any continuous bivariate distribution can be expressed in terms of its margins and a unique copula. In the case of extreme‐value distributions, the copula is characterized by a dependence function while each margin depends on three parameters. The authors propose a Bayesian approach for the simultaneous estimation of the dependence function and the parameters defining the margins. They describe a nonparametric model for the dependence function and a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the computation of the Bayesian estimator. They show through simulations that their estimator has a smaller mean integrated squared error than classical nonparametric estimators, especially in small samples. They illustrate their approach on a hydrological data set.     

Block external bootstrap in partially linear models with nonstationary strong mixing error terms

The authors extend the block external bootstrap to partially linear regression models with strongly mixing, nonstationary error terms. In addition to providing an approximate distribution for the semiparametric least square estimator of the parametric component, they propose a consistent estimator of the co‐variance matrix of this estimator.     

If you look like me,I'll talk to you: a preliminary study of ethnic identity and inter‐ethnic interaction among women in Singapore

In Singapore, government policy is for equal but separate development of the four major ethnic groups—Chinese, Malay, Indian and other. In this study, I attempt to gain some preliminary views of how strongly women identify with their own ethnic group and how freely they are prepared to interact with people from other ethnic groups in non‐work‐related situations. I confine my study to females for two reasons. One is that traditional ethnic dress is common among females in Singapore but much rarer among men, and this makes a strong non‐verbal statement of identity. The second reason is to avoid differences between males and females, which I did not wish to pursue within the limits of this exploratory study. The findings of my pilot investigation indicate that intra‐ethnic spontaneous interaction is more likely to occur among women who display a strong national identity. Moreover, younger women, who were exposed during their school years to the government's recent drive to nurture ethnic and cultural differences, are less open to inter‐ethnic interaction than are women in their 30s and older, who grew up when the government drive was towards creating one common national identity for the people of Singapore.     

Partner Choice and the Differential Retreat From Marriage

The contemporary retreat from marriage in the United States has had a differential impact across socioeconomic and racial groups. Here, 1990 marriage rates and propensities for Virginia, North Carolina, and Wisconsin are analyzed regarding (a) the likelihood that persons in different groups ever marry and (b) patterns of partner choice with respect to race and educational level. Marriage remains strong in most race‐education groups but is substantially lower among Blacks and among those with less than 12 years of education. Patterns of partner choice have shifted to show greater symmetry between the educational levels of brides and grooms. Changes have been modest with regard to the level and pattern of interracial (Black‐White) marriage. Marriage is increasingly a union of equals, but a union chosen more by Whites than by Blacks and more by the well educated than by the poorly educated.     

Who Gets What From Government? Distributional Consequences of Child‐Care Assistance Policies

Given the fragmented structure of child‐care assistance in the United States, it has been difficult to obtain accurate estimates of which families are assisted, through which mechanisms, and at what level. Making use of survey data from New York City, we analyze the distribution of several forms of public child‐care assistance. Results suggest that about 40% of all families with young children receive some form of child‐care assistance. Considering all forms of assistance, the distribution of child‐care help is targeted in both expected and some unexpected ways. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of U.S. child‐care policies governing access and benefit levels.     

法律保护公民性权利的应然分析

在人类社会进入到以张扬个人权利为核心的现代社会,性权利沦为性秩序的牺牲品的年代应渐成历史;揭开婚姻囚禁性权利的面纱也并非难事。从性秩序走向性权利的过程对法律的诉求自然会越来越高。揭开公民性权利长期以来被遮蔽的面纱,尊重并切实保护公民的性权利,使其从应然走向实然,从伦理走向法律,在法律的自由空间最大限度地实现自身的彻底解放应是法律不得不挑起的重担。     

从《摩奴法典》婚烟家庭法看古印度的法文化

《摩奴法典》是古印度后吠陀时期权威性的法典①,它是古印度社会历史沉淀的产物。从《摩奴法典》的婚姻家庭法中折射出的古印度法文化代表着这一时期法文化的共同特征。以法典的婚姻家庭法为视角,对这一时期古印度的法文化的特点以及各特点的形成原因、表现和社会影响作一分析,便于我们更深刻的了解古印度法系和法文化     

Defining the linear portion of a sigmoid‐shaped curve: bend points

Formulae are provided that define the ‘bend points’, the beginning and end of the essentially linear dose–response region, for the four‐parameter logistic model. The formulae are expressed in both response and dose units. The derivation of the formulae is shown in order to illustrate the general nature of the methodology. Examples are given that describe how the formulae may be used while planning and conducting bioassays. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

传统婚姻家庭观的反叛与重塑——试析当代大学生婚姻家庭观念的嬗变

改革开放后的中国正处于社会转型期,物质和精神领域都在发生着巨大的变化。当代大学生是在社会转型时期成长起来的一代,透过他们的婚姻家庭现可以折射出这个时代的特征,某种程度上也可以反映出未来相当长的一段时期内中国知识分子阶层中婚姻家庭的状况和趋势。