广义（n＋1）维Boussinesq方程的新的周期解与计算机模拟图像

利用Hirota方法及Riemanntheta函数得到了广义（n＋1）维Boussinesq方程的新的周期解,在极限情况下．该周期解退化为孤子解．另外,利用计算机技术和Mathematica绘制了解的三维曲面图．     

Test for the existence of finite moments via bootstrap

This paper develops a bootstrap hypothesis test for the existence of finite moments of a random variable, which is nonparametric and applicable to both independent and dependent data. The test is based on a property in bootstrap asymptotic theory, in which the m out of n bootstrap sample mean is asymptotically normal when the variance of the observations is finite. Consistency of the test is established. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance and compare it with alternative methods available in the literature. Applications to financial data are performed for illustration.     

Financing social security out of contributions: About origins,present discussions and prospects of a success story

In writing the overture to an issue on contribution financed social security one cannot but speak of Bismarck; it must also address Beveridge who saw contributions, although in their design and role clearly differently from Bismarck, as one core revenue tool to finance his vision. Beveridge attributed to the private financial sector a prominent role in securing people against the negative effects on income of shocks and crises, while Bismarck did not. Beveridge's concept, when first published, had, and still has today, the most attractive charm of rigorously satisfying peoples' striving for equitable and inclusive societal solutions. Bismarck's concept intrinsically offers income security only to those who contribute, while the level of protection depends on the level of contributions paid (with the exception of health insurance). In reality, both concepts, where implemented, had to face the realities of socio‐economic and political developments: Beveridge's vision was achieved in respect of access to health services where his proposal, in its predominantly tax‐financed version, has since turned into a worldwide blueprint for health schemes; in its other components, it was not resilient enough to achieve the intended standards and now is replete with means‐tested (poor relief) elements. Bismarck's scheme has proven its potential to achieve “universality”, not necessarily by theoretical design but as a matter of fact, i.e. covering people from cradle to grave (like Beveridgean schemes). With globalization, schemes of both origins have had to face massive neoliberal attacks over the last three decades. Which of the approaches is best able to survive must be left an open question: in the current worldwide context of rapid change, both have weak and strong points, and whether a symbiosis of the two offers the answer to future challenges remains to be seen.     

A multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and the special case of Austria

One of the biggest challenges currently facing European society is the dramatically high level of youth unemployment. Commonly, political solutions and strategies can be found in those countries that have been able to keep youth unemployment low in spite of the financial and economic crises. Austria is such a case. On the basis of European Union Member State data, the article gives a multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and asks whether these factors can explain relatively low youth unemployment in Austria. With the country's “youth safety net” presented in detail, it is shown that active labour market policy reduces youth unemployment in Austria. The article also points out the limitations of cross‐country comparisons of youth unemployment rates and proposes the use of a greater number of indicators. Finally, the article argues for economic policies to stimulate demand, which have to be based on a political and social commitment to full employment.     

赛典赤家族元代家谱初考

使用回回文和汉文两种文字书写的《赛氏家传》,是赛典赤家族的第一部家谱,2008年被列为国家珍贵古籍。本文考证了它的纂修人应为赛典赤·赡思丁之孙江浙平章乌马儿,汉文编辑人应为征东行省儒学提举潘东明,元至大三年在杭州完成,乌马儿还邀请南雄教授赵文作序。本文在研究《赛氏家传》、《咸阳家乘》、南滇《赛氏族谱》、青郡《赵氏宗谱》及益都《杨氏世谱》等赛典赤家族五部家谱的基础上,认为赛典赤·赡思丁的圣裔世系,可能不是此前源于《咸阳家乘》的公认的31世说,而可能是有《赛氏家传》支持的20或21世说。     

跨文化非语言交际的文化意义探究

跨文化交际包括语言交际与非语言交际。非语言交际具有强烈的文化特征。在交际时人们一般只注重语言交际的作用,而忽略非语言交际所产生的重要意义及由于文化差异和运用不当所带来的误解和冲突。非语言交际类型、传递信息及因文化差异导致非语言交际冲突与障碍,消除冲突与障碍可以采取入乡随俗原则和求同存异原则。     

Work histories and workers’ failure to satisfy pension contribution requirements: A comparison of Mexico and Uruguay

Comparing Mexico and Uruguay, this article examines the work history of workers and the challenges they face to satisfy the minimum contribution period for eligibility to receive a contributory old-age pension. Administrative data on work histories is used to formulate a survival model aimed at estimating hazard rates of entering and transitioning out of a given contribution status. This model is then used to perform a Monte Carlo simulation to forecast contribution histories. Results suggest that the hazard rate is negatively associated with the length of a worker’s spell in his or her current status and warn that, both in Mexico and Uruguay, a significant group of workers will find it difficult to gain entitlement to a contributory pension in old age. The manner in which each of these national systems has addressed the challenges associated with low contribution densities may explain the two countries’ very different coverage results.     

Curbing the demographic “drifting dune” in long-term care insurance financing: The case of Germany

Long-term care provision and financing are becoming increasingly important matters in all ageing economies. Therefore, a major challenge for policy makers is to strike a balance between adequate care and sustainable financing. In this study, we evaluate the proposal of a so-called sustainability factor in German long-term care insurance. Considering changes in the beneficiary-contributor ratio, it aims for a rule-based consideration of demographic dynamics to alleviate pressure on long-term care financing. Using the framework of generational accounting, we demonstrate that this proposal could have a relieving effect on finances, depending on the share of involvement of current and future generations. It may offer an option for pay-as-you-go long-term care insurance systems worldwide that need to curb the impact of ageing societies. Therefore, this article addresses policy makers tasked with designing a sustainable financing model for long-term care insurance. It demonstrates that the sustainability factor represents a step towards sustainable finances and, thus, it might be one component of a more comprehensive reform package.     

Pension financialization and collective risk sharing in Canada and Finland

This article contributes to the debate concerning pension financialization and how countries are adapting their pension systems to respond to demographic ageing. We do so by examining the statutory pension systems of Canada and Finland, which diverge interestingly from current international trends. The Canadian and Finnish public pension schemes reflect two tendencies often associated with pension financialization: an increasing reliance on financial markets and an investment policy with a diversified asset allocation. However, unlike in many other countries, this has not resulted in heightened individual risks in old-age income security caused by a shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pensions – an otherwise common trend internationally.     

论顾炎武读书、游历与治学之关系

顾炎武作为明清之际的重要学者,受到时代风气与晚明出版业繁荣的影响,治学范围相当广泛。而其晚年的北游经历,则对其学术研究产生了促进和限制的双重作用,与同时代的著名学者黄宗羲相比,呈现出独有的特色。