Un modelo psicosociológico para el estudio de la salud mental

Resumen

Un número elevado de estudios ha demostrado que la mayoría de las personas recuerda con gran vividez las circunstancias en las que tuvieron noticia de sucesos sorprendentes y de gran trascendencia. Algunos autores han asumido que estos recuerdos, llamados «recuerdos-destello» (flashbulb memories), implican la existencia de un mecanismo neural especial. Otros, sin embargo, han cuestionado tal hipótesis y han argumentado que este tipo de recuerdos deben ser considerados como productos de los mecanismos ordinarios de memoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los hipotéticos mecanismos ordinarios que pudieran explicar la creación de estos recuerdos sin necesidad de apelar a mecanismos especiales. Mediante el uso de un cuestionario, analizamos los recuerdos de las circunstancias, la singularidad, el grado de impresión y la cantidad de repetición de dos sucesos nacionales de gran relevancia: el intento de golpe de estado de 1981 (23-F) y la muerte del general Franco (20-N). Nuestra hipótesis fue que el factor básico para la creación de «recuerdos-destello» es el grado de elaboración y distintividad de codificación de la noticia y su contexto, y que dicho grado es propiciado por la gran cantidad de recursos atencionales que se genera cuando en un suceso concurren con fuerza el factor sorpresa y el factor impacto emocional. Los resultados confirmaron esta hipótesis.     

Colonial laboratories,irreparable subjects: the experiment of ‘(b)ordering’ San Juan's public housing residents

This article provides a genealogy of the discourses that shaped the public housing policies of the mid-twentieth century in the US island colony of Puerto Rico. In the 1950s and 1960s, a conversation arose between government officials, social science experts, and the local press about how to fix social inequalities by ‘ordering’ mostly black and mulato, economically dispossessed families residing in shantytowns and barrios. This led to the establishment of caseríos (housing projects) as places where the government would attempt to ‘modernize’ residents through architectural design, planning, and social betterment programs. Because the caseríos did not address the structural causes of inequalities of power and wealth in the island, they failed in lifting residents out of poverty. From the mid-1960s onwards, a host of writings blamed caserío dwellers for the failure of the projects, attributing it to their purportedly dysfunctional – and nearly incorrigible – ‘culture of poverty’. This perpetuated a particular characterization of Puerto Rican economically dispossessed people as incapable of political or social agency without the guidance of elite Puerto Ricans and the ‘benevolent’ American colonial metropolis. It also led to the subsequent ‘bordering’ of caseríos spaces with walls and checkpoints, which in turn reproduced the branding of public housing residents as irreparably dysfunctional and ‘criminal’.     

固体酸Zr（SO4）2／SiO2的制备及催化酯化活性

层析硅胶负载Zr（SO4）2经高温焙烧制得一种新型固体酸Zr（SO4）2／SiO2催化剂,考察其在合成乙酸正丁酯反应中的催化活性．获得制备固体酸与催化合成乙酸正丁酯的优化工艺条件分别为：Zr（SO4）2的负载量0．5mmol／g、焙烧温度450℃;醇酸物质的量比1．5,催化剂用量1．0g（相对0．1mol冰乙酸）,反应时间为2．0h,优化条件下的酯化率可达99．3％．实验结果表明,固体酸Zr（SO4）2／SiO2具有良好的酯化催化活性,且反应后处理简单,不腐蚀设备,属环境友好型催化剂．     

国际气候变化制度的未来蓝图——从《哥本哈根协议》到《坎昆协议》

全球气候变化已经引起国际社会的关注,产生了不同的国际社会组织,并制定了各项相关国际社会制度,这些制度在解决国际气候变化的问题上具有关键性和决定性作用:首先,该制度起着建构性的作用;其次,国际气候变化制度必须对激活该项制度起到推波助澜的作用,使得处于不同地位的各方在谈判过程中能够建立共识,并且能在国际层面推动达成更具雄心的气候变化政策。这些促成了《哥本哈根协议》、《坎昆协议》的诞生。《哥本哈根协议》明确将气温升高控制在2摄氏度作为减排的目标。《坎昆协议》将此目标具体化,并提出气温升高控制在1.5摄氏度的任务。"后2012"国际气候变化制度必须具有全球性特征,遵循公平原则和共同但有区别的责任原则,将世界上主要的温室气体排放国家美国和一些发展中国家纳入进来。从性质上来说,《坎昆协议》所建构的可测量、可报告、可核证体系代替原有的制度机制,这将是国际气候变化制度中的全新改变。     

加权幂平均的几个不等式

证明了加权r阶幂平均的几个性质和几个不等式 ,它们是车贝雪夫不等式的加强与推广。     

现代教育技术对外语教学的影响

现代教育技术其应用方式主要体现在多媒体的组合、网络、远程通讯等方面.在外语教学中将这些技术交互使用,给学生创造了一种良好的学习环境、一种符合实际生活的交际环境.通过人机交互,学生可以根据自 己的不同需要来确定学习内容、时间和速度.网络给英语学习提供了丰富的学习资源和学习方式.教师成为学习资源的组织者、学习方法的指导者.     

企业财务性重组与资本性重组优劣比较

重组是我国国有企业重资本市场经营的重要方式,它对于充分利用资本市场推进国企改革起着重要的作用.主要包括:财务性重组和资本性重组.企业进行资本运营要重视风险分析与防范,充分发挥资本市场的作用,始终以提高效率为目标,以生产经营为依托,正确处理坚持主业与多元化经营的关系.     

简论邓小平理论外交思想中的两个大局观

国际国内两个大局是邓小平确立其外交思想的科学视角。和平是两个大局互动的前提,独立自主是国内大局融入国际大局的原则,和平共处五项原则是对话合作的基础,开放是联结的形式,发展是共同的目的。新的历史时期,在两个大局观的指导下,坚持和发展邓小平外交思想,努力开拓外交工作的新局面。     

Monitoring and modeling the urban growth of two mid-sized Chilean cities

Chile's economic development model changed drastically in 1973. Public policy liberalization ended and the market became the principal entity for regulating growth, including urban growth. The implementation of this new model resulted in unprecedented urban growth, markedly impacting the landscape. In mid-sized cities, this spatial growth has been especially significant. Two examples of such mid-sized cities are Chillán and Los Ángeles, located in the Biobío Region, in the so-called Central Valley. This research analyzed the land use/cover change in Chillán and Los Ángeles from 1978 to 1998, identified the patterns of urban growth and the fragmentation of the urban space, applying GIS and remote sensing tools. The main driving forces of the urban changes were analyzed and the model to predict the land use/cover changes was applied. Our results show the importance of monitoring and modeling rapid urban growth for attaining sustainable mid-sized cities in developing countries that are strongly dependent on export of natural resources. Monitoring and modeling could also help to avoid a repetition of the errors that produced the unsustainable growth characteristic of large Latin American cities.     

档案工作在公路建设及管理中的重要作用浅析

公路建设期间各个环节都会形成大量的文件、图纸和资料,它们是工程建设的真实记录,是一种潜在的生产力,是社会的重要财富。在此对公路建设中档案的管理工作的重要性进行了简要分析,并提出一些强化公路工程档案管理基本设想。