新形势下教育审计的职能及作用

本文从审计发展的历史及现状,对现阶段我国教育内部审计的职能及作用进行了探讨,即现阶段我国教育内部审计具有管理和监督职能.     

北方方言中的人称代词“咱”

北方方言中的第一人称代词“咱”据吕叔湘先生的考证，由“自家”切合而成，现代汉语北方方言中“咱”一般指代复数人称，但是有些地区用“咱”指代单数人称，如辽宁中部地区方言、山西洪洞方言、山东潍坊方言等，这种特殊用法有的可能是保留了古音，有的则是方言修辞的一种体现。     

完全二部图Kn,n的H2-cordial问题

关于图的H-cordial问题结果较多,而H2-cordial问题的结果甚少.对于图Kn,n只有H-cordial的结果,未涉及H2-cordial问题.本文给出并证明了Kn,n是H2-cordial图的充分必要条件.     

Lessons from China on different approaches to pension coverage extension

Achieving universal pension coverage is both an aspiration and a challenge for many developing economies. Traditional contributory schemes are less effective in extending pension coverage to workers who are not in the formal sectors of the economy. As an alternative, non‐contributory schemes have gained popularity in recent years. China’s pension reforms mirror this global trend. The introduction of a contribution‐based pension scheme for urban employees (Employees’ Pension) was followed by a scheme for rural and urban residents (Residents’ Pension), which is partly government financed and partly contributory, with multiple options for premium payment. This study uses nationally representative survey data collected in 2016 to compare the inclusiveness of the two schemes. It finds that access to the Residents’ Pension scheme is more equal than the Employees’ Pension. Lower status workers in terms of education, employment, income and hukou‐migration are more likely to participate in the Residents’ Pension as opposed to the Employees’ Pension, compared with higher status workers. The Chinese experience suggests that a workable solution for pension extension in low‐ and middle‐income countries is to have a scheme that is flexible, affordable and responsive to the diverse needs of the population.     

A comparison of approximations to the distribution of average kendall tau

The average Kendall tau test for the null hypothesis of compLete randomness in n judges' rankings of r objects was introduced by Ehrenberg (1952). The superior efficiency of this test. as measured by approximate Bahadur slope has been established by Alva, Cabilio, and Feigin (1982).

The purpose of this paper is first to provide further justification for the use of this test, and second to compare the accuracy of the asymptotic distribution to other app roxtmations to the null distribution for small values of r and n. In the process we generate tables for this exact dis tribution for r=3 and n=3(1)19, r=4 and n=3(1)9, r=5 and n=3(1)5.     

诚信规范的认识原因

从认识原因考察诚信问题 ,诚信的规范要求是由于存在着信息的不对称性 ,名与实、言与行的可分离性 ,假与真的可混淆性。在目标与可能不匹配的情况下 ,会产生造假的压力。由于未来是不确定的 ,就要用约定的形式给未来一个确定。交往的重复性有利于诚信的发生。诚信也是一种博弈的产物。     

关于高等学校办学目标定位的研究

高等学校办学目标的正确定位是优化高教系统结构的必然要求 ,是高校科学管理的关键环节 ,是提高办学效益和办学水平的保证。高校在办学目标定位时应切合实际 ,做到准确定位 ,避免“贪大求全” ,并体现学校的个性和优势     

THE CASE FOR PARITY AND BIRTH-ORDER STATISTICS

Parity refers to the number of (live) births that a woman (or man) has had. Birth order refers to whether a birth is the first, second, third or higher‐order birth of the parent. In the context of low and shifting fertility, parity and birth‐order statistics are becoming increasingly important for understanding fertility trends and patterns, for policy, and for carrying out projections of future fertility. In Australia, the main sources of demographic data are birth, death and marriage registers, and the five‐yearly national census. Both the birth registers and the census are ideally placed to collect data required to calculate parity and birth‐order statistics. However not all Australian states and territories collect or code the necessary information in the birth registers, and the parity question ‘For each female, how many babies has she ever had?’ is only asked every second census; that is, once every 10 years. In this paper, we outline the importance and uses of parity and birth‐order statistics. We discuss the Australian data available at present and their gaps and shortcomings. We then describe the ‘gold standard’ of parity and birth‐order statistics and how Australia can achieve this standard through some minor changes to the data collection process.     

对木兰拳中国古典美学价值的解析

分析了木兰拳的中国古典美学价值，希望能给广大木兰拳爱好者一点启发，使木兰拳得到进一步推广普及．     

Counting the dead and regulating the living: early modern statistics and the formation of the sociological imagination (1662–1897)

This paper examines the contributions made by early modern statistical literature to the formation of the sociological imagination. Starting in the mid-seventeenth century, the fields of 'political arithmetic' and vital and moral statistics provided a discursive framework within which it became possible to identify and study aggregate dynamics and structures underlying seemingly random and episodic aspects of life (birth, death, divorce, health). Focusing primarily on developments in England, the paper identifies three significant watershed moments in the emergence of the sociological imagination: the discovery of the political and economic dimensions of life; the articulation of socio-statistical patterns underlying various life events and episodes; and the establishment of causal connections between social variables and individual choices. These developments did not amount to or directly result in the creation of the discipline of sociology, yet, they made it possible to make conceptual connections between the personal and the social.