A Cognitive Approach to Direct Practice with the Aging

The recent prominence of cognitive approaches in psychotherapy and more recently in social casework holds considerable promise for direct practice with olderpersons on both an individual and group basis. Several central concepts in cognitive theory are delineated and found to have particular advantages for the aging. First, they deal with conscious concerns and avoid the dangers of affective or regressive approaches in breaking down defenses. Second, they are heavily concerned with questions of meaning and self-concept, issues that are central to the last stage of life, as delineated by Erikson, and the task of achieving ego integrity over despair. Two case illustrations of the application of a cognitive approach in a group context are given.     

Cultural Factors in Collegiate Eating Disorder Pathology: When Family Culture Clashes With Individual Culture

Objective: The authors evaluated the validity of familial enmeshment (extreme proximity in family relationships) as a risk factor for eating disorders across cultural value orientations. They tested the hypothesis that although familial enmeshment may be a risk factor for eating disorder pathology for (1) participants of non-Asian descent or (2) culturally independent participants, enmeshment will not be a risk factor for (1) participants of Asian descent or (2) culturally interdependent participants. Participants: 255 undergraduate women participated. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires on cultural value orientations, enmeshment, and eating disorder pathology. Results: As hypothesized, enmeshment was related to eating disorder pathology in non-Asian American and culturally independent participants, but not in Asian American and culturally interdependent participants. Conclusions: Depending on cultural values, enmeshment may or may not be a risk factor for eating disorders. This study highlights the importance of examining risk factors in the appropriate cultural framework when considering college student mental health.     

论伯顿·克拉克在《高等教育系统》中对混沌理论的运用

文章通过分析混沌理论在伯顿·克拉克<高等教育系统一学术组织的跨国研究>一书中的运用,认为其关于高等教育系统的中层结构的阐述存在不足,并试运用混沌理论对中层结构在高等教育系统中的有序和无序进行补充分析.     

民航顾客资产驱动因素与顾客满意感和忠诚感关系的实证研究

作者在我国17个民航公司进行了一次实证研究,探讨顾客资产驱动因素和子驱动因素与顾客满意感、归属感和忠诚感的关系。聚类分析与罗吉斯蒂回归分析结果表明,资产价值不同的两类顾客对各类顾客资产驱动因素与子驱动因素的评估存在显著的差异,对民航公司的满意感、归属感和忠诚感也存在显著的差异。顾客对民航公司的满意感、归属感和忠诚感主要是由各类顾客资产驱动因素和子驱动因素决定的,而并非是由顾客的人口统计特点决定的。因此作者指出,民航公司可根据顾客重视的顾客资产驱动因素与子驱动因素细分顾客,针对不同的顾客采取不同的营销策略。     

大学生网络成瘾的原因及干预

介绍大学生网络成瘾的现状、危害及类型;揭示了大学生网络成瘾主要来自于抑郁的人格特质、不健康的应对方式、不和谐的家庭环境、存在人际交往障碍、逃避不够理想的现实、周围环境的不良影响等方面;并提出了一些相应的干预措施。     

情感因素在大学英语多媒体课堂中的作用

本文指出将积极情感因素引入多媒体课堂有益于建立良好的师生关系,从而进一步强化多媒体教学的优势。     

震后早期心理辅导探讨

5·12汶川大地震后,心理援助的重要性受到前所未有的关注.震后人们会出现不同程度的心理应激反应,相当比例的人会出现心理应激障碍.针对这些问题应进行适当的早期心理辅导.早期心理辅导应以创伤后危机干预为思路,以缓解应激障碍相关症状、预防创伤后危机障碍的发生为主要目标,采取心理急救、严重事件应激晤谈、认知行为疗法等方法进行治疗.另外,从这些方法中可归纳出共同的、可用于早期心理辅导的原则:支持性原则、正常化原则、重视社会支持原则、个性化原则等.     

辩证行为疗法治疗边缘人格障碍案例分析

辩证行为疗法(dialectical behavior therapy,DBT)是在传统认知行为疗法基础上发展而来的一种新型认知行为心理治疗方法,由美国华盛顿州立大学教授玛莎.莱恩汉(Mar-sha MLinehan)博士于20世纪90年代初创立,它以辩证法的基本原则为理论基础,强调病患与治疗师之间,理性与感性之间,接受与改变之间的辩证训练和策略的应用。该疗法的治疗策略主要包括辩证法策略、合理化认同策略和啦啦队鼓励策略等,辩证法的策略贯穿于整个治疗过程。文章以一边缘人格障碍患者为例,具体说明辩证行为治疗策略的应用。     

The Making of Multiple Personality Disorder: A Social Constructionist View

This article explores the social construction of multiple personality disorder by analyzing professional agreements about the nature of the diagnosis, while locating these within their historical and cultural context. First, a historical review of the disorder traces various overlapping streams of discourse that have shaped the construction of the diagnosis. This is followed by a cross-cultural comparison of MPD and dissociative phenomena in several non-Western societies. The article concludes with some reflections on the cultural meanings of MPD in contemporary America.     

The role of aspirations and aspirations adaptation in explaining satisficing and bounded rationality

The explanation of bounded rationality in terms of satisficing has been received with skepticism, but Simon's claim that satisficing reflects aspirations and their adaptation could help resolve the matter, particularly taking account of the amplifications introduced by Selten to include motivational factors. Experimental investigations by Guth and his colleagues provide some support. Open-ended, in-depth interviews by Bewley and Schwartz help explain the factors that influence aspirations (which may differ for different tasks), giving attention to affective influences and also to context. They suggest a positive but more complicated relationship between the relative success in realizing profits aspirations and the adaptation of those aspirations, and also in the consequences that aspiration levels have for bounded rationality.