Getting the offer: Sex discrimination in hiring

The hiring process is currently the least understood aspect of the employment relationship. It may be the most important for understanding the broad processes of stratification with allocation of demographic groups to jobs and firms. The lack of knowledge is due to difficulty of assembling data on the processes that occur at the point of hire. Against this background we analyze data on all applicants to positions in one of the largest Scandinavian banks in 1997–1998, providing what we believe to be the first study using applicant pool data and information about extended offers in a private-sector European firm, adding to the record of about half a dozen such U.S. studies. The hiring agents in the organization are fully conscious and concerned about the nonconscious biases and gender schemas they carry when making hiring decisions. Their effects on hiring are considered to be beyond dispute: women are at a clear disadvantage. For actual hiring practices we found that the opposite is true: women are not at a disadvantage and may even be at an advantage in getting offers. Two organizational practices may lead to female advantage. The hiring agents had been educated about the role of nonconscious biases, which perhaps mitigated their effects. But they had also been instructed to search actively for qualified females in the applicant pool. With no qualified females in the first pass, they go through the pool a second and third time hoping to find one. We discuss reasons why the interpretations and meanings the hiring agents attribute to the hiring process are at odds with what actually occurs.     

高压旋喷桩在隧道洞顶地表和洞口基地加固中的应用

当前我国大力发展西南地区客运专线项目建设,该地区属云贵高原,山高坡陡,线路设计隧道所占比例较大,沪昆项目隧道所占比例接近70%。隧址区存在地质复杂、地形多变、隧道进出口多存在浅埋、偏压及软弱围岩、洞口基地软基等地质危害,利用高压旋喷桩施工技术对隧道洞口洞顶及基地进行加固,为安全进洞施工及明洞施工提供了安全保证,其中明洞段软基处理可以尽早防治线路工程下沉、冒泥、弹簧土等严重危害运营安全的工程病害。     

已实现波动和赋权已实现波动的比较研究

已实现波动是针对高频金融时间序列的一种全新的波动度量方法,具有不需要模型和计算方便的优点。赋权已实现波动则对已实现波动进行了改进,是另一种更为有效的波动度量方法。本文从定义形式、无偏性、有效性、日历效应等方面对已实现波动和赋权已实现波动加以比较。通过对上海股票市场的实证研究,说明了赋权已实现波动是优于已实现波动的波动估计量。     

社会支配取向量表在中国的信度和效度研究

本研究尝试修订西方的社会支配取向量表.359名大学本科生参与了研究.结果表明,社会支配取向量表修订后包含14个项目,量表具有较好的内部一致性、重测信度和一定的预测效度;中国被试社会支配取向得分普遍比西方的高;中文修订量表不同于西方的单因素或者双因素结构,它包括4个因素,即\"反对群体平等\"、\"赞同优势群体的支配性\"、\"赞同劣势群体的较低地位\"、\"赞同维持等级差异\".     

从偏见视角解读医患关系

偏见是个体以不正确或不充分的信息为依据,并对其他人形成先入为主的负性判断,泛化至群体中则会表现为人们对某群体产生片面或错误的认知。文章从消极刻板印象、期望差异与归因偏差这三个角度解释了医患群体产生偏见的心理机制,在此基础上讨论偏见对医患关系造成的消极影响,并结合社会现实提出减少医患双方偏见的方法。     

代际研究中终生收入估算偏差问题探讨

在我国代际收入流动性问题研究中,微观数据分析常用父代40岁左右的单年收入替代其终生收入,由此导致代际收入弹性估计偏大问题。文章假定微观个体观测值服从对数正态分布并进行建模,对个体终生收入做出统计预测。模拟得到学历为硕士人群的工资年增长率是本科人群的1.06倍,收入达到峰值的时间则晚了约8年,对全部人群父代的终生收入用其40岁左右收入逼近的思路可依据父代教育水平进行再次细分。