东周自尊复仇问题探究

东周时期,复仇现象极为普遍,其中自尊复仇占了很大一部分,凸显了当时人们鲜明的自尊心理。自尊复仇的大量出现,与"天道观"的变化及民本思想的深入人心、宗法制下与君主有血缘关系的群体自尊心理的放大、"百家争鸣"的自由思想氛围、"礼贤下士"之风的盛行有着密不可分的联系,对中华民族不为外侮的民族精神和气节的形成有着重要的影响。秦汉之后,由于专制空气日浓,人们的人格尊严受到了挤压,自尊复仇的现象不再大面积出现,隐讳温良处世的民族性格得以定位。     

中国大学生职业成熟度量表的信度与效度

本研究调查了375名北京大学的本科生,尝试修订韩国版的学生职业成熟度量表(Career Maturity Inventory),探讨它针对中国大学生群体的适应性.结果表明:(1)修订后的中国版大学生职业成熟度量表具有一定的文化特点,它由34个项目构成,这些项目组成六个不同的因素--职业目标、职业自信、职业价值、职业自主、亲友依赖、职业参照;(2)该量表的一致性系数、分半信度、重测信度比较高,具有良好的信度;(3)该量表具有较好的效度,如职业成熟度得分与大学生的自尊、幸福感、内控分呈显著的正相关;职业成熟度与专业满意度、未来打算的确定性、职业选择的信心等呈显著的正相关;职业成熟度越高的大学生上网时间越少,而且即使上网也主要用于辅助学业或便利生活.     

Violence as Mediating Variable in Mental Health Disparities Associated to Sexual Orientation Among Mexican Youths

ABSTRACT

In this study, we explored the role of sex as an effect-modifying variable in the association between sexual orientation and mental health in Mexican youth. In addition, we tested if violent experiences in the family and the school and attitudes toward homosexuality could act as mediating variables in such association. Data from three representative surveys performed in 2007, 2009, and 2013 among Mexican high school students were analyzed. Two dimensions of sexual orientation were evaluated: romantic partnership and sexual behavior. The outcomes were negative and positive mood, suicidal ideation and intent, self-concept, and self-esteem. There were differences by gender because in males, there were more disparities in mental health associated with sexual orientation (suicidal ideation and attempt, negative and positive mood, negative self-concept, and family-related self-esteem) than in females (suicidal ideation and negative mood). Experiences of school violence were mediators in the relationship between sexual orientation and most health outcomes in males.     

What is behind envy? Approach from a psychosocial perspective / ¿Qué se esconde detrás de la envidia? Aproximación desde una perspectiva psicosocial

Envy strongly influences many spheres of social life. However, the psychology of envy is still in its infancy. A theoretical and empirical examination of envy was performed with a psychosocial focus via two exploratory studies. In Study 1 (N = 141), participants were asked to describe an event in which they experienced envy, indicating which people they envied and the reasons for that envy. In Study 2 (N = 311), the relationship between envy and several psychosocial variables such as self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived control were analysed, as well as the predisposition to express aggressive behaviours in response to this emotion. The results of Study 1 revealed that friends were the most envied people, and abilities or personal skills were the most frequent sources of envy. Likewise, the results of Study 2 showed that self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived control predicted envy, which in turn predicted the expression of verbal aggressive behaviours.     

团体辅导对贫困大学生自尊的干预效果

为探讨团体辅导对贫困生自尊的干预效果,运用自主设计的团体辅导方案,对18名贫困生进行为期八周、每周一次的团体心理辅导,并通过量化分析,评估干预效果。结果显示,团体辅导能显著提升贫困生自尊水平,并在提高社会支持领悟水平、改善应对方式、增加积极情绪体验等方面具有显著作用,对持续改善贫困生自尊具有潜在的长期效应。     

The transition of Israeli men to fatherhood: a comparison between new fathers of pre-term/full-term infants

The study compared a group of 62 new Israeli fathers of pre‐term infants with a comparison group of 58 new fathers of full‐term infants with respect to parental stress, depression symptoms, mastery, self‐esteem and involvement with the child. Findings indicated that fathers of pre‐term infants had significantly greater stress and depression scores and lower involvement rate with the child compared with fathers of the matching group. No differences were found with respect to the fathers' mastery and self‐esteem. New fathers of full‐term infants, aged 30 years and more, had significantly higher self‐esteem compared with fathers aged less than 30 years. Findings are discussed with respect to practice in neonatal units.     

情感因素与外语教学

影响外语学习的因素很多,其中情感因素对外语学习成功与否起着非常重要的作用,在外语教学中也受到了很大的关注和重视.探讨了几个主要的情感因素对外语学习的影响及作用,提出了在外语教学中利用情感因素的一些想法.     

Can Both Low and High Self‐esteem Be Related to Aggression in Children?

This study examined the opposing hypotheses that either low or exaggerated but disputed self-esteem is related to aggression in 652 12-year-old schoolchildren. Children provided peer nominations of social acceptance and of physical aggression, self-ratings of global self-worth and of social satisfaction. Teachers rated aggressive behavior and internalizing problems. Exaggerated but disputed self-esteem was conceptualized as discrepancies between self and peer evaluations of social satisfaction and of social acceptance, respectively, in combination with peer rejection. The main results showed that both low levels of global self-worth and exaggerated but disputed self-esteem were related to aggression. The findings indicated that, depending on how self-esteem is conceptualized, aggressive children may appear to have both a low and a high self-esteem. Regarding gender differences, exaggerated self-esteem was more strongly related to aggression in boys than in girls.     

Adaptive Behavior in Childhood as an Antecedent of Psychological Functioning in Early Middle Age: Linkage Via Career Orientation

The main aim of the study was to investigate the link between child and adolescent adaptive behavior and adult psychological functioning, and the role of career orientation in this linkage. This was based on a Finnish longitudinal study, where data at ages 8, 14, and 42 were available for 118 females and 115 males. Adaptive behavior, indicated by three aspects of high self-control of emotions: constructiveness, compliance, and trustworthiness, was assessed at ages 8 and 14. Psychological functioning at age 42 was indicated by psychological well-being, self-esteem, social coherence, and trust in life. Connections between adaptive behavior and psychological functioning were studied using structural equation modeling. For males, a path from a latent variable for adaptive behavior to a latent variable for adult psychological functioning was obtained via two components of career development: (1) stable career and employment situation; and (2) the length of education and occupational status. For females, only constructiveness was linked to a latent variable for the length of education and occupational status which accounted for a latent variable for psychological functioning.     

创造型人格培养的困惑与超越

创造力是智力和其他人格因素的合金,诸多实验研究已探明了创造型人格的主要特征,我国创新教育正面临着困境,而从东西方教育的比较中或许能找到出路。