Family Transitions,Conduct Problems,and Self-Esteem in Elementary School in Kuwait: A Quasi-Experimental Design

ABSTRACT

This study investigated whether family transitions (disruptions due to parents’ divorce, separation, marriage, or death) were related to problems in the conduct and self-esteem of 331 boys aged 8 to 10 years old in elementary school in Kuwait. The boys were divided into two groups: one whose families had undergone a transition within the past 3 years and one whose families had not undergone such a transition. The two groups were compared on conduct and self-esteem as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 and on the Self-Esteem Index. A two-tailed t test was used. The study revealed statistically significant relationships between the two groups. Transitions in the families of young Kuwaiti boys seem to be precursors to problems with conduct but not with self-esteem. Kuwaiti tribal culture may help explain why self-esteem does not suffer after a family transition. The findings suggest a greater need for social services to work with schools to gather information from families to track students and offer services to these families. Future research could study the broader factors surrounding conflict in families undergoing transitions to determine the later impact on children.     

The transition of Israeli men to fatherhood: a comparison between new fathers of pre-term/full-term infants

The study compared a group of 62 new Israeli fathers of pre‐term infants with a comparison group of 58 new fathers of full‐term infants with respect to parental stress, depression symptoms, mastery, self‐esteem and involvement with the child. Findings indicated that fathers of pre‐term infants had significantly greater stress and depression scores and lower involvement rate with the child compared with fathers of the matching group. No differences were found with respect to the fathers' mastery and self‐esteem. New fathers of full‐term infants, aged 30 years and more, had significantly higher self‐esteem compared with fathers aged less than 30 years. Findings are discussed with respect to practice in neonatal units.     

Contraceptive Attitudes and Sexual Self-Esteem Among Young Adults: Communication and Quality of Relationships with Mothers

ABSTRACT. Objectives: This study investigated relations between quality of relationships with mothers and communication with mothers about sex with contraceptive attitudes and sexual self-esteem among emerging adults. Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 176, M_age = 22 years 65% women) completed self-report measures of relationships with mothers, communication about sex, and sexual self-esteem. Results: Results indicated positive relations between quality of relationships with mothers and open, positive sex communication, for men and women, sexually and not sexually active; and between relationship quality with mothers, sex communication with mothers, and sexual self-esteem of women. Conclusions: Warm, supportive relationships with mothers in emerging adulthood include open, comfortable communications about sexuality, which were linked to features of sexual well-being of young adults.     

Development of a Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual Visibility Management Scale

Many lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals manage the degree to which their sexual orientation is known to others. Visibility management, the process of regulating the exposure of one's orientation, is an important part of the lesbian/gay/bisexual experience in community, family, and virtually all other social settings. The degree to which one allows his or her sexual orientation to be visible can have a profound impact on stress, health, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to develop a valid and reliable measure of visibility management. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual-Visibility Management Scale was constructed and piloted with a small sample of LGB adults. Results support the potential utility of the LGB scale based on satisfactory evidence of construct validity, item-level discrimination, and subscale reliability.     

基督教传统中绝望与拯救的观念及其在英美文学中的体现

《圣经》和基督教传统中的绝望和拯救两者之间有着密切的关系:绝望可以摧毁人对自己过分的信心,让人充分认识到自己内心的罪,从而在精神上向上帝开启,接受神的拯救。这一观念在中世纪到20世纪英美文学中都有所体现,在近代基督教衰落之后,又经历了种种演变:存在主义作家拒绝接受基督教的拯救观念,但是却继承了基督教传统的绝望意识;另外一些现代作家则从爱或者自我尊严感中寻求拯救或慰籍。尽管基督教传统中的绝望与拯救观念的宗教色彩在现代逐渐淡漠,然而在作家们表现的绝望和痛苦的后面,分明还传来对于超验的拯救的期盼和呼唤。     

贫困生自尊影响因素及教育对策模型建构

贫困生自尊影响因素及教育对策的理论模型由其自尊的形成过程、影响因素和提高其自尊水平的教育对策三个部分组成。贫困生会根据他人对自己的评价及自我评价,形成自我认知体验和看法,如自信自强或自卑虚荣。家庭经济状况、父母教养方式、学校资助和社会支持作为外因对贫困生自尊程度有明显的影响,心理认知、个人定位、社交能力和学业水平等则是影响其自尊程度的内因。以适当的经济资助、加强家校沟通、改进资助方式、建立朋辈互助等方式构建外力援助体系,以自强教育、自信培养、社交训练、动力激发等方式构建心理干预机制,两种教育对策相辅相成,有助于提高贫困生的自尊水平。     

Positive youth development in Māori and New Zealand European adolescents through an adventure education programme

Within Aotearoa New Zealand there is growing interest in positive youth development (PYD). A PYD approach provides balance to narratives surrounding outcomes for youth and broadens our views of what we consider beneficial developmental outcomes. In the current study we used sail training as a method to promote PYD in Māori and New Zealand European adolescents. Specifically, 54 Māori and 37 New Zealand European adolescents completed the 7-day youth-development voyage on-board the gaffed rigged schooner, R. Tucker Thompson. We demonstrate that, for both Māori and New Zealand European adolescents, psychological resilience, self-esteem, and positive outlook on life increased from the first day to the last day of the voyage. In addition, we demonstrate that the increases in psychological resilience were driven by the social/collective identity adolescents formed with their group over the course of the voyage.     

乡镇领导干部生殖健康宣传需求评估报告

P03项目的战略目标是通过影响决策(中央一级和地方一级)促进1994年"人发"大会<行动纲领>基木精神在中国的贯彻.它的四个宣传主题是促进以人为中心的生殖健康服务;提高妇女和女童的价值和自尊;促进男性对生殖健康的全面参与;推进青少年生殖健康工作.为了了解乡镇领导对生殖健康相关理念的了解、对生殖健康宣传的认知、参与情况和需求,确定切实可行的县级宣传战略,本调查对项目的主要目标人群--乡镇决策者和有影响人士进行了调查.     

大学青年教师自我价值感及其培育方法

大学青年教师自我价值感及其培育方法,正在引起社会的广泛关注。本文在国内外心理学家对自我价值感研究的基础上,界定了自我价值感及特点;阐述了高、低自我价值感大学青年教师的心理品质、认知与行为方式;提出了高、低自我价值感大学青年教师培育正面、健康自我价值感的有效方法。     

自尊:心理健康的核心--兼谈自尊的教育意境

自尊是人格的核心,也应该成为心理健康的核心.本文试图以人生命适应的根本源泉为出发点,解读自尊的生命性意义;进而分析与探讨自尊在人的生活中尤其是心理健康中的地位与作用,并在此基础上提出相应的教育理念,以期为当前的心理健康教育提供一定的参考和依据.