Sexual Identity Development and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Body Image in a Racially Diverse Sample of Gay Men

The current study examined the relationship between sexual identity development and body image, as well as the potential mediating effect of self-esteem, in a community sample of gay men. A diverse group of participants (N = 172), recruited through listservs and flyers, completed an online survey. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between identity development and self-esteem, identity development and body image, self-esteem and body image, and the mediating role of self-esteem. As predicted, significant relationships were identified between each pair of variables, and self-esteem was found to be a mediator when the sample was considered as a whole. When participants of color were compared to those who were White, however, between-group differences emerged; identity stage did not predict self-esteem or body image for participants of color, nor did the mediated relationship exist. Self-esteem did predict body image in both groups. The sociocultural context of these findings is considered.     

A Longitudinal Study of the Leadership Development Process: Individual Differences Predicting Leader Effectiveness

This study tracked the leadership development of236 male cadets from matriculation through graduation ata military college. Cognitive ability, physical fitness,prior influence experiences, and self-esteem measured in Year 1 were relevant to predictingthose who assumed formal leadership positions in Year 4.Physical fitness and prior influence experiencesmeasured when cadets entered the college predicted leader effectiveness rated in their fourthyear. Stress tolerance and moral reasoning levels didnot predict leader emergence or effectiveness, thoughthe set of individual difference measures significantly predicted emergence and effectiveness. Physicalfitness levels and moral reasoning increased over timefor all cadets, though surprisingly, levels ofself-esteem and stress tolerance did not increase over time. Overall the study demonstrated thatleadership effectiveness and emergence could bepredicted from early measures of individualdifferences.     

Cultivating Positive LGBTQA Identities: An Intervention Study with College Students

A brief intervention exercise focusing on positive experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning young adults and their young adult allies (LGBTQA) was hypothesized to increase positive LGBTQA identity, collective self-esteem, and individual self-esteem. Participants (N = 52) completed pretest, listened to a presentation on positive LGBTQA identities, and wrote personal narratives related to their own positive identity experiences. They then completed posttest and one-month follow-up surveys. Findings indicated that scores on all three outcomes significantly increased between the pre- and posttest but returned to baseline levels when reassessed one month later. Future research should explore ways to enhance the long-term impact of exposure to positive identity interventions on LGBTQA well-being in the current heteronormative cultural environment.     

中国式“简·爱”——静秋

英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》,塑造了一个自尊、自强、自爱的女性形象,并使简·爱以其独特的性格魅力屹立于西方文学史。而一百多年后,在中国的文坛上,作家艾米写的《山楂树之恋》,让人们在体味那纯美爱情的同时,也记住了静秋这样一个普通的中国女孩。她弱小却坚毅要强的秉性,她美丽、自尊、自强、自爱的品性,就像寒风中的腊梅,无论环境多么恶劣,傲然绽放她如美丽花朵般的魅力。使其成为中国式的“简·爱”,也因此成为中国当代文学史上又一个光辉的女性形象。     

上级辱虐管理对员工建言行为的影响——来自制造型企业的证据

探讨辱虐管理与建言行为之间的关系,并研究组织自尊和个性控制点在以上关系中的中介和调节作用。以广东省两家大型制造型企业410名下属和111名主管为配对样本,采用验证性因子分析对模型进行检验,运用回归分析方法分析辱虐管理对员工建言行为的影响及其机制,研究组织自尊在其中的中介作用以及员工个性控制点的调节作用。实证结果表明,辱虐管理对员工抑制性建言行为和促进性建言行为均有显著的负向影响,组织自尊在两者之间起到完全中介作用;员工个性控制点对辱虐管理与组织自尊之间的关系具有显著的调节作用,员工个性控制点水平越高(越内控),辱虐管理对组织自尊的负面影响越小;员工个性控制点水平越低(越外控),辱虐管理对组织自尊的负面影响越大。     

Bottom dogs on campus: how subjective age and extrinsic self-esteem relate to affect and stress in first semester of university

The first semester of university can be a difficult transitional period that affects students' psychological well-being, and ultimately, their academic success. Personal resources and vulnerabilities that they bring to the transition may shape their day-to-day experiences. Subjective age (how old one feels) and extrinsic self-esteem (ESE; the extent to which self-worth is based on external sources) were examined as predictors of mean levels of and intraindividual variability in daily affect (positive and negative) and stress in 170 Canadian students tracked for 14 days during their first semester. Consistent with a self-enhancing effect of an older subjective age, regression models found that feeling older predicted higher mean levels of positive affect, and students with higher ESE reported more negative affect unless they felt considerably older than their chronological ages. In addition, an older subjective age and higher ESE predicted higher levels of and more intraindividual variability in daily stress experience. An ESE appears to contribute to negative affect and stress, but an older subjective age might counteract some negative emotion and play a part in positive emotion. As much as an older subjective age is a possible personal resource, its association with stress suggests that it might have some disadvantages for first-year university students, the bottom dogs on campus.     

Social and psychological exclusion

The New Deal for Lone Parents is one policy in the UK which aims to reduce benefit dependency and enable lone parents to opt into a scheme which offers help and advice on jobs, benefits, training and childcare with the hope of improving job readiness. In tandem with this scheme there exists a myriad of community intervention initiatives whose aim may not be as explicit, but whose value can be equally empowering in raising self-awareness and self-esteem. This study examines the experiences of lone parents who participate in such schemes and contrasts this with the experiences of those who do not. The study shows that community-based schemes may not offer the best option for all lone mothers, but can provide an effective staging post for some towards a position of job readiness.

Poverty and social exclusion affect many different aspects of people's lives. They exist when people are denied opportunities to work, to learn, to live healthy, active and fulfilling lives …

Department of Social Security, September 1999, p. 3     

大学应届毕业生择业效能感与焦虑的关系——自尊的中介作用

为了探究大学应届毕业生的自尊在择业效能感与状态焦虑之间的中介作用,通过问卷法选取在校大学生作为测试对象,结果显示:大学应届毕业生择业效能感与状态焦虑在性别与生源地上无显著差异,而状态焦虑在学历上存在显著性差异,择业效能感在学历上不存在显著差异。择业效能感与状态焦虑、自尊之间的相关系数分别为-0.83,0.66;状态焦虑与自尊之间的相关系数为-0.65,均达到统计显著水平。自尊对状态焦虑水平有显著的负向预测作用,其中标准化回归系数为-0.65。择业效能感对自尊有显著的正向预测作用,其中标准化回归系数为-0.83。 主要发现：自尊在择业效能感与状态焦虑之间存在中介作用。     

大学生自尊现状调查研究

大学阶段是大学生自我意识的形成阶段,自尊是自我概念中的核心部分,对个人的发展有着重要影响。以南京邮电大学的396名大学生为研究对象,以《罗森伯格量表》(RSES)、《德克萨斯社会行为问卷》为研究工具,运用SPSS14.0统计软件,对不同群体大学生的自尊的差异进行了研究,以揭示大学生的自尊现状,并提出相应的对策。     

Child Sexual Abuse Victims' Perception of Paternal Support as a Significant Predictor of Coping Style and Global Self-Worth

ABSTRACT

One hundred eighty-eight female participants (44 victims and 144 non-victims of CAS) from a 4-year university were recruited. The first objective examined the difference between victims and non-victims on measures of perceived social support, coping strategies, and global self-worth. Victims were more likely to report lower maternal support than non-victims of CSA. Additionally, victims who were perpetrated by a family member were more likely to report lower maternal support than those who were perpetrated by a non-family member. The second objective investigated the impact of victimization and several mediating factors on global self-worth. Victimization indirectly related to global self-worth through paternal support. Additional analyses examining non-victims showed significant direct relations between paternal, friend, and campus support leading to global self-worth. For victims, paternal support indirectly related to global self-worth through emotion-focused coping. These results indicate that paternal support and coping strategies may be important for later psychological adjustment in victims of CSA.