“险”字义项说略

文章探讨了"险"字的义项,重点阐述了三个问题第一,"险"有"不平"之义,其本义是"地势不平,难走",其近引申义是"泛指一般的不平",这可以从"险"的反义词是"平"和"易"中看得出来.第二,在此基础上分析了"险"字的引申系列和词义系统.第三,用这个词义系统与<汉语大字典>、<汉语大词典>的义项相对照,指出<汉语大字典>的义项(4)"遥远"、义项(8)"疾、迅猛",逸出了"险"字的引申系列和词义系统之外,引例又是孤证,是不能成立的.     

Introducing Sensory Studies

ABSTRACT

Color serves a variety of purposes in society from identifying groups to conveying symbolic meanings to providing aesthetic pleasure. More subtle effects of color can be found in the environments that human communities construct around themselves. At Doon School, an elite boys' boarding school in northern India, color is intimately associated with the students' activities, social relationships and sensory experiences. It defines their status and shapes their everyday lives. The uses of color at the school are consistent with a wider social aesthetic emphasizing restraint, logical thought and the training and presentation of the body. Many of these values can be seen to have their origins in the school's colonial history and postcolonial aspirations.     

Groping in the Dark

ABSTRACT

Government mandated blackouts precipitated a crisis in the optical consciousness of the American public in the first years of the Second World War. In an effort to foil potential aerial bombardment, citizens were asked to turn off their lights and so break an otherwise unqualified promise of modernization: ubiquitous illumination. After decades of constantly increasing levels of artificial light, blackouts challenged not only nighttime visibility, but spatial perception more generally. Americans discussed ways to adjust to dimmer surroundings, to infer spatial information from non-visual senses and familiarize themselves with nightscapes based on specular rather than geometric properties of surfaces. Although the blackouts lasted only a few years in the USA, they reveal the profile, albeit in negative terms, of how the nation's visual environment was imagined around 1940.     

Sensing cities: the politics of migrant sensescapes

This paper explores the sensory misconduct of foreign workers in Singapore as identified by local residents in neighborhoods across the island city. Urban bodies and sensory differentiation form the focal point of discussion, given that complaints about sensory disturbances are sociocultural expressions of rejection which are connected to power relations in the city. I focus on two cases that have been identified from my research on Singapore newspaper archives dating between the 1800s and the present-day context. Employing the notion of transnational urbanism, the paper deliberates upon urban sensory politics in Singapore and shows how urban spaces are sensorially politicized by different groups through content analysis of media reports. By considering both historical and contemporary transnationalism, the paper contributes to further understandings on urbanity, migration, and sensory studies.     

“Sensory Ordering” in Nurses' Clinical Decision‐Making: Making Visible Senses,Sensing, and “Sensory Work” in the Hospital

The objective of this article is to present a study on the constitutive role of senses in clinical decision‐making. The methodology is based on a series of focus groups with nurses in various hospital departments. Based on a narrative approach, our study examines “sensory work” in clinical decision‐making in order to reveal its specificity in the clinical work of nurses. Nurses shared stories—in focus groups—about the influence of senses in clinical decision‐making. The analysis of clinical narratives helped to identify various situations revealing the “sensory work” that underlines clinical decision‐making. We put the emphasis on the spectrum of sensory activities and the interactions occurring during a clinical decision‐making. One specific contribution of our study is to make visible the “sensory ordering” at work as constituted by interactions between nurses during a clinical assessment.     

Introduction: The Senses in Social Interaction

In this introduction, we provide the scholarly background that motivates the special issue and briefly discuss its content. We touch on contemporary debates in symbolic interactionism, ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, and anthropology that inform the research undertaken by the contributors. We conclude by deriving six interrelated themes—intersection, entwinement, multimodal, contextually embedded, structured, and serendipitous—from an examination of the articles.     

创造丰富的人的感觉--马克思人的全面发展学说的一个维度

人是哲学永恒的主题,马克思主义哲学强调要创造同人的本质和自然界的本质的全部丰富性相适应的人的感觉.对象性活动是人的感觉的生存论根基,人以全部感觉在对象世界中肯定自己;私有财产的扬弃是人的一切感觉和特性的彻底解放的历史道路;自由时间是人自身的自然中沉睡着的感觉和潜能充分发挥的真实空间;创造丰富的、全面而深刻的人的感觉是未来社会的恒久的现实.     

汉语辞书果树类词语义项设立与排列探析

果树类词语在汉语辞书中占据重要地位,然汉语辞书在义项的设立和排列上大多存在一些问题。本文在类型学视野下,运用对比方法考察了汉语辞书果树类词语义项的设立和排列,提出了解决问题的方法。     

流行文化的价值学诠释

流行文化是个动态发展的概念,一个时代有一个时代的流行文化,高科技全球化时代流行文化的扩张化趋势还在加强.流行文化也是一种价值和人权内容,揭示出这种价值内涵和人权特征才能理解其不断扩张趋势之动因,并对其不同品种与内容做出价值学的分析评判.     

Human Motivation in Question: Discussing Emotions,Motives, and Subjectivity from a Cultural‐Historical Standpoint

Vygotsky, at the end of his life, advanced a new representation of a psychological system that was ruled by a cognitive‐emotional unity, a theorization that remains inconclusive due to Vygotsky's early death. This article discusses the advances made by Vygotsky in the comprehension of human motivation through his concepts of sense and perezhivanie at the end of his work. Through these concepts, he further advanced the discussion of motivation, despite the fact that these concepts have only very recently been considered a relevant part of his legacy in both Russian and Western psychology. This paper discusses the departure from and the historical presentations of the concept of motive in the following two main approaches of Soviet psychology that were mistakenly equated in Western interpretations: Vygotsky's approach, mainly at the first as last moment of his work, and Leontiev's Activity Theory. Based on the final theoretical positions of Vygotsky and of other Soviet authors, and further developing this legacy, this article proposes a new definition of motivation as a specific quality of subjectively configured systems and defines motive as intrinsic to the functioning of all psychological function defines subjective functions as subjectively configured processes. This new proposal of human motivation within a new way of defining subjectivity defines new categories as subjective senses and subjective configurations on which the author bases a specific approach for advancing the topic of subjectivity and motivation within a cultural‐historical framework.