Health Care and Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Health Professionals' Perspectives

The present study explored health professionals' experiences with adult survivors of child sexual abuse in New Zealand. Face-to-face, semistructured interviews of up to an hour took place with 13 health professionals. The participants were asked about training, screening practices, their response to disclosures, and advice to other health professionals. A model—transition to ethical practice—emerged from the data, where delivering more sensitive health care to child sexual abuse survivors sits on a continuum from lack of awareness of child sexual abuse to delivery of care where all patients are comfortable. We recommend making sensitive care for all as the standard care of practice and providing training for health professionals on how to deal with disclosures.     

Guidelines for Conducting a Victim-Sensitive Interview

Victim sensitive interviews allow the adult investigator to gather vital facts from a child. Within these interviews, the investigator is provided with an opportunity to elicit responses from the child regarding allegations that have taken place. These allegations often have many origins and may involve sexual impropriety, abuse, taunting, and torture of a physical nature, verbal nature, or both. The purpose of this article is to provide standardized guidelines that can assist individuals from various occupational fields in conducting victim sensitive interviews. The standardized guidelines provided offer an assemblage of general principles that have consistently appeared within literature as well as in manuals provided by various jurisdictions. These guidelines refer to a practice of conduct that is recommended; however, variance with implementation is allowed. It is assumed that the reader brings a level of clinical experience to the material provided in this article.     

Do required fields in online surveys in the social sciences impair reliability?

ABSTRACT

The present study is the first to examine empirically whether required fields in online surveys impair reliability and response pattern, as participants forced to respond to all items may provide arbitrary answers. Two hundred and thirteen participants completed a survey consisting of six questionnaires testing personal and social issues and perceptions. They were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the survey: optional-fields (N = 104) or required-fields (N = 109). Comparison of the Cronbach’s alpha of the two versions revealed identical reliability values for all questionnaires, save for somatization, where a minor difference was found. Confirmatory factor analysis showed no difference in the factor structure of the two versions, and no differences were found by Bayesian t-test and Levene’s test for equality of variances. The findings suggest that required fields do not impair reliability or change the response pattern, and therefore can be used in online surveys to prevent missing data.     

Weak ties and the core discussion network: Why people regularly discuss important matters with unimportant alters

Researchers have paid increasing attention to the core discussion network, the set of friends and family people turn to when discussing important matters. For nearly thirty years, social network researchers have argued that the network is composed of ego's closest or most important alters. This assumption, however, has not been tested empirically. Using original data on an online representative quota survey of 2000 respondents, I find that 45% of the core discussion network is composed of people whom respondents do not consider important to them. In fact, the core discussion network includes doctors, co-workers, spiritual leaders, and other alters whom ego confides in without feeling emotionally attached to. I examine what respondents consider important matters and why they approach weak ties to discuss these. Placing emphasis on the process through which ego mobilizes alters, I develop two theoretical perspectives, which focus on how people identify those appropriate to a topic and how they respond to opportunities in interactional contexts. Findings suggest that ego discusses important matters with non-close alters at times because they are known to be knowledgeable (targeted mobilization) and at times because they are available when important issues arise (opportune mobilization). Results suggest that recent findings about changes in the core discussion network of Americans are consistent with several different possibilities about the nature of strong ties, including those in which there has been no change at all.     

“自然美”的展现及其塑造--以电视节目主持人为视觉

随着我国电视节目的蓬勃发展,出现了越来越多的优秀主持人,而主持人是一个节目的“形象代言人”。所以作为一名主持人,更应该具备“美”的基本素质。主持人的“美”应该是最贴近生活的自然美。     

基于共词分析的国内职业成长研究的热点探析

职业成长已成为无边界职业生涯时代工作选择的重要标准。以中国知网作为检索来源,输入“职业成长”作为主题词,确定文献类型为学术期刊,一共检索到217篇相关论文;并利用共词分析法对样本进行分析,综合运用SATI、SPSS、Ucinet等软件输出研究现状的分析图谱,从而确定出现有研究领域的8个热点范围：职业成长的基本理论研究、教师职业成长的思考、辅导员职业成长路径与工作、职业生涯与职业环境、企业员工的职业成长、教育教学与职业素质、管理者或企业家的职业成长机制、职场与职业能力;最后在分析结果的基础上对未来进行展望,从而为国内的相关研究提供一定参考。     

Maximum likelihood estimation of sensitive proportion using repeated randomized response techniques

Randomized response techniques are designed to obtain usable data on sensitive issues while protecting the privacy of individuals. In this paper, based on repeating the randomized response technique, a new technique called repeated randomized response is introduced to increase the protection of privacy and efficiency of estimator for proportion of sensitive attribute. By using this technique, the proportion of academic cheating is estimated among students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.     

Bayesian adaptive patient enrollment restriction to identify a sensitive subpopulation using a continuous biomarker in a randomized phase 2 trial

With the development of molecular targeted drugs, predictive biomarkers have played an increasingly important role in identifying patients who are likely to receive clinically meaningful benefits from experimental drugs (i.e., sensitive subpopulation) even in early clinical trials. For continuous biomarkers, such as mRNA levels, it is challenging to determine cutoff value for the sensitive subpopulation, and widely accepted study designs and statistical approaches are not currently available. In this paper, we propose the Bayesian adaptive patient enrollment restriction (BAPER) approach to identify the sensitive subpopulation while restricting enrollment of patients from the insensitive subpopulation based on the results of interim analyses, in a randomized phase 2 trial with time‐to‐endpoint outcome and a single biomarker. Applying a four‐parameter change‐point model to the relationship between the biomarker and hazard ratio, we calculate the posterior distribution of the cutoff value that exhibits the target hazard ratio and use it for the restriction of the enrollment and the identification of the sensitive subpopulation. We also consider interim monitoring rules for termination because of futility or efficacy. Extensive simulations demonstrated that our proposed approach reduced the number of enrolled patients from the insensitive subpopulation, relative to an approach with no enrollment restriction, without reducing the likelihood of a correct decision for next trial (no‐go, go with entire population, or go with sensitive subpopulation) or correct identification of the sensitive subpopulation. Additionally, the four‐parameter change‐point model had a better performance over a wide range of simulation scenarios than a commonly used dichotomization approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论个人敏感信息的民法保护

2013年出台的《信息安全技术公共及商用服务信息系统个人信息保护指南》粗略提及个人敏感信息,但未给予明确界定,使得个人敏感信息权益保护的司法实践存在障碍。结合域外个人敏感信息的定义,认为个人敏感信息包括隐私信息和部分非隐私信息,其中部分非隐私信息界定之参考因素是严重且实质性损害;个人敏感信息兼具新型财产权和新型人格权的法律属性。借鉴域外个人敏感信息民事保护模式,认为我国宜通过《侵权责任法》来保护个人敏感信息权益。     

Balancing Long-term Care in Japan

This article discusses Japan's long-term care (LTC) from the perspective of balancing the provision and financing of care. Specifically, this article provides an overview of the long-term care insurance (LTCI) system in Japan and analyzes the current state of Japan's LTC with current statistical data as to whether the supply meets the demand for care by frail elders and their families.