The potential of online social networking data for augmenting the study of high-risk personal networks among young men who have sex with men at-risk for HIV

Capturing dynamics in high-risk personal networks is essential for preventing HIV transmission. Online social networking data offer incentive to augment traditional selfreported approaches for network enumeration. To explore what online networks reveal about dynamics among high-risk associates, we examine the relationship between egocentric confidant and sex networks and personal Facebook friendship networks of a cohort of young Black men who have sex with men. Although overlap exists between self-reported and Facebook associates, the stabilities of each were unrelated. Confidants who were also Facebook friends with a respondent were, however, more likely to be retained. Thus, Facebook networks contain stable confidants.     

Separation and Post‐Separation Parenting within Lesbian and Gay Co‐parenting (Guild Parented) Families

Gay men and lesbian women have a long history of jointly creating families and co‐parenting their children together. This qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of separation and post‐separation parenting within same‐sex parented families. This involved semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 22 separated same‐sex parents in Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, and regional Victoria. An adaptive theory approach was used for the collection and analysis of the data. The paper explores data from a cohort of six participants who came from three different multi‐parent families who had experienced a separation – either their own, or that of other parents in their parenting group. The term ‘co‐parenting families’ was found to be confusing due to the different connotations within separation/divorce and same‐sex parent literature. Consequently, the term ‘guild parented families’ was created to describe these families. Participants from these multi‐parent families had very different experiences of family formation and separation compared to others within the wider separated same‐sex parent study. Separation of one or more of the parent couples within these families complicated their original plans and kinship ideals. Each of the families resolved this differently in their post‐separation arrangements. After separation, whole family narratives and/or the role of individual parents, were either questioned or revised as a way of resolving the complexity of their new kinship situation. Following separation, parents often relied on Western kinship norms that privilege biological kinship and the dual‐parent family to construct their post‐separation kinship arrangements. More awareness of families that begin with more than two parents is needed within separation research and amongst separation services and service providers.     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

家庭性别平等观念与生育性别意愿——对湖北省8县(市)996名农村居民的实证分析

以人口学、社会学(家庭方面)、社会心理学(认知方面)等相关理论为基础,从生育主体———农村居民的主观角度,通过大规模问卷调查,并辅以个案访谈的方式收集资料,考察和研究了家庭性别平等观念、生育性别意愿以及两者之间的关系。并依研究结论讨论了当前我国农村家庭性别平等观念的表现和变化,以及对生育性别意愿的研究思路和方法。     

"性别"与"水是原则"命题的内涵和实质

“性别”是一个逐渐被认可的研究视角,泰勒斯及其哲学则是一段需要重新解读的历史。从性别角度分析“水是原则”命题我们可以看到,理性力量和生命本能在某种程度上同时存在,是哲学构成的特征。所以,生命本能和生存意志是哲学史研究中一个大有可为的领域。     

成长的仪式:文化人类学视野中的青少年的性与性教育

从文化人类学的研究视野来看,青少年的性教育是他们在青春期所经历的一个重要的成长仪式。作为一种成长的仪式,性教育具有丰富的社会意义,并承担着重要的社会文化功能。在仪式的变迁过程中,以同辈群体为中心的非正式制度层面的性教育仪式逐渐被以学校为中心的正式制度层面的性教育仪式所取代。然而,正式制度层面的性教育仪式却在当前社会中面临着危机与尴尬,其根源不仅仅是当前学校性教育中方法和内容等存在着问题,更重要的是青少年在性教育仪式中主体性的缺失。要改变这些状况,我们需要再造仪式,注重青少年在性教育仪式中主体地位的建构,把性教育当作是一种青少年的主体权利。     

从认知视角解读《红楼梦》中的“性”委婉语

委婉语被大量使用在日常交际和文学作品中。《红楼梦》中的性场面描写,大量采用委婉语。利用认知语言学中的原型范畴、隐喻和转喻理论探析了“性”委婉语的生成机制,这些机制通过制造认知过程阻碍,婉曲提及禁忌语来实现委婉效果。     

社会认同视阈下性别比例政策的优化

性别比例政策实施以来,一直不乏质疑的声音,其功能也有弱化倾向,其主要原因在于文化转型时期,人们对女性参政的社会认同出现了困境。社会认同是发生于人际间和人与社会之间的价值评价关系,它不仅直接表达着个人、群体和社会三种主体的价值评价,而且还规定着人们对待他人、群体和社会采取何种态度和行为。女性参政的社会认同困境包括女性自我身份、价值观念以及制度政策的认同困境等三个方面。要优化性别比例政策,关键在于构建积极的社会认同。     

性别变更权的宪法思考

随着我国变性人的增多,变性人已经形成一个不容忽视的社会群体。随之而来的法律问题也日益突出,其中首要的就是宪法问题。自由赋予了人存在的理由,必然也可以给予"易性癖"者以享有性别变更权的自我空间。性别变更权虽然不属于公民的基本权利,但却应当是公民人格权中的一项重要的权利。对于变性人,只要他们变性后的性别得到了法律肯定,就应该与其他同性别的公民一样,在人格上能平等享有宪法和法律所赋予的权利和自由。     

“性贿赂”的刑法规制——以女性贿赂为角度

"性贿赂"作为贿赂犯罪的一种新形式,近年来有愈演愈烈之势。但目前刑法对性贿赂尚无明文规定,使性贿赂成为法律的死角,无法予以惩治和打击。性贿赂危害极大,必须在法律中尽快加以规定。在性贿赂的犯罪过程中,女性多为犯罪载体,原因在于社会风气的熏染、女性面临的社会困境、腐朽观念的影响以及充当性贿赂工具女性自身的原因。由于性贿赂隐蔽性的特点,对性贿赂定罪、量刑和取证很困难,但这些性贿赂无法入罪的理由缺乏法理基础。性贿赂符合犯罪的基本特征和犯罪构成,我国古代就已将性贿赂纳入法律调整范围,国外和港台地区关于性贿赂的成熟的立法经验也可供我国内地借鉴,将性贿赂纳入刑法调整的时机已经成熟。性贿赂入罪可采取刑法修正案或司法解释的形式,分别以受贿罪和行贿罪定罪量刑。作为有别于普通的贿赂犯罪,性贿赂的受贿罪和行贿罪的各种情形法律可予以较详尽的规定。对于涉案妇女,则分别以刑法中的行贿罪定罪处罚或以治安管理处罚法予以制裁。