To What Extent Did Ethnicity and Economic Issues Matter in the 2007 Disputed Kenyan Elections?

This article assesses the key factors that influenced the intention to vote in the 2007 presidential election in Kenya, using data from a survey and other external datasets. Ethnicity was found to be one of the main factors. However, access to private and public goods, poverty and differences in wealth across ethnic groups also mattered, depending on how the voter claimed to be self‐identified. Those who self‐identified in terms of their ethnicity were influenced the most by access to services such as schools, health clinics and police stations, evidence suggesting that voters use ethnicity as a proxy to gauge which candidates will give them greater access to services provided by the state.     

HIV Prevention,Gender and Sexual Health

Abstract

Drawing on a review of relevant literature as well as global experience, this paper focuses on aspects of the growing feminisation of the HIV epidemic, especially the combination of age and gender which makes young women particularly vulnerable to HIV. It also briefly touches upon the gender-constructed vulnerability of young men. The linkages between gender, sexual health and HIV-and what works to forge these linkages-have now been well established. Not acting on the basis of this knowledge in order to avert millions of infections and deaths due to HIV, is no longer an option.     

Sexuality and Contemporary Issues in Black Parenting

Negotiating the burgeoning sexuality of adolescent children is an age-old challenge for parents of every cultural background. Contemporary parents must also manage increasingly sexualized social media that allow children and adolescents to be sexually engaged in unprecedented ways. For Black parents, this quandary is exacerbated by racism and internalized racism-often expressed through the hypersexualization of African American males and females in music, videos, advertising, and popular culture in general. Additionally, as more diversity regarding sexual orientation in African American families emerges, the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning (LGBTQ) Black adolescents must be addressed This article will outline a conceptual framework for consideration of these issues and make recommendations to assist Black parents in successfully guiding Black adolescents through the development of safe and healthy sexuality.     

An Empirical Examination of Sexual Relations Between Adolescents and Adults

SUMMARY

The American view that adolescent-adult sexual relations are by definition “child sexual abuse” has spread throughout the Western world and reshaped public policy. This paper, originally presented as a talk, examines the scientific validity of this view. A historical perspective traces the conflation of the adolescent experience with rape, incest, and that of the young, prepubescent child. Biological and cognitive perspectives support the view that adolescents have more in common with adults than children. Sweeping claims that adolescents react as children are said to is critically tested by examining two types of relations-those between heterosexual teenage boys and women and those between gay or bisexual teenage boys and men. Non-clinical empirical data show overwhelmingly that such relations are characterized mostly by positive reactions based on consent if not initiative on the part of the minor, with perceived benefit rather than harm as a correlate. It is concluded that the American view is false, and that public policy that heightens official reaction to such relations, such as that currently proposed by the European Union, are either misinformed or disingenuous in alleging to protect when the motive is to control adolescents.     

Assessing God Locus of Control as a Factor in College Students’ Alcohol Use and Sexual Behavior

Abstract. Objectives: This study explored God locus of control beliefs (ie, God's control over behavior) regarding their influence on alcohol use and sexual behavior as an alternative religiosity measure to religious behaviors, which does not capture perceived influence of religiosity. Additionally, demographic differences in religious beliefs were explored. Methods: College students aged 18–24 (N = 324) completed a survey between April 2012 and March 2013. Principal components and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Findings suggest that measures provide reliable, valid data from college students. God locus of control is linked to not consuming alcohol or engaging in sex. There were differences regarding relationship status and religious denomination. Conclusions: God locus of control beliefs are an appropriate construct for collecting data about college students’ religiosity. Furthermore, health educators at faith-based institutions could incorporate this construct into their programming, encouraging abstinence but also behaving responsibly for those who do drink and are sexually experienced.     

Violence Against African American Women in Prisons and Jails

Abstract

The United States prison population is bulging and in recent years, the percentage of African American women being incarcerated far outnumber any other group. As the Black women in jails and prisons grow, so do the whispers about sexual abuse and labor abuse inside these institutions. This article discusses the nature of violence directed against incarcerated Black women and why it is important to direct national attention to this problem. It argues that though the violence may be individually directed, it is institutionally founded. Strategies are proposed for humanizing local jails and federal and state prisons.     

密集型克隆植物冬小麦对温度与养分的反应

为揭示密集型克隆植物在未来气候暖化下的反应格局,在控制实验条件下选用冬小麦接受两种温度和两种养分水平的处理。结果显示：温度对冬小麦的克隆生长、有性繁殖、生物量在各部分间的分配均产生了极显著的影响;而养分对多数性状的影响不显著;并且温度很少与养分发生交互效应。在全球暖化的背景下从克隆植物适应对策的角度对研究的结果进行了讨论。     

质量、信息和公共政策:消费者购买无公害鸡蛋的影响因素分析

本文以在北京市海淀区进行的消费者访谈和问卷调查,分析了消费者收入,消费者对产品的信任程度、消费者个体特征、无公害鸡蛋和普通鸡蛋的价格差等对消费者鸡蛋购买行为的影响。基于数量化理论Ⅱ类的模型估计结果表明,消费者的收入水平、对无公害鸡蛋的相信程度以及性别是影响消费者购买无公害和绿色鸡蛋的主要因素,而年龄和不同地点无公害鸡蛋与普通鸡蛋的价格差对消费者购买行为的影响比较复杂,教育程度对购买行为的影响较小,但其影响方向与理论预期一致。根据实证结论,最后提出了提高中低收入者的收入水平、通过政府监控宣传和生产者的自律提高消费者对无公害食品的信任程度、以及将无公害鸡蛋价格的合理设定等政策含义和商业启示。     

Associations among altruism, burnout dimensions, and organizational citizenship behaviour

Most studies of burnout have focused on lack of resources, prevalence of burnout, and negative outcomes. In contrast, this study examined the relationships among altruism, burnout and a positive outcome, namely, the engagement in organizational citizenship behaviour. Web questionnaires were distributed to employees in three professional organizations. The results from the 178 respondents indicated that altruism is related to organizational citizenship behaviour. Of the three dimensions of burnout, only reduced personal accomplishment was (negatively) associated with engagement in organizational citizenship behaviours. Implications of the results are discussed and directions for future research are offered.     

南渡词人朱敦儒悲剧心理及其艺术表征

朱敦儒作为著名的南渡词人,其创作以“靖康之变”为时间断限,呈现出鲜明的阶段性特征。前期之词清新俊爽,而后期之作则沉郁曲折。即便晚年为后人所称道的隐逸词也是在故作放旷的掩映下透露出悒郁难言的哀思。与人生经历相对应,其心路历程的曲线走向呈现出先扬后抑,春风得意的早年与郁郁而终的晚年之间形成巨大的反差,从一个侧面展示出一代士大夫的内心世界与精神层面,与之相偕应,艺术上也表现出来了这种内心世界与精神层面。