Pathways between Parent–Child Interactions and Peer Acceptance: The Role of Children's Social Information Processing

This study examined the links among parents' interaction styles, their children's social information processing, and peer acceptance. Fourth‐grade children (N = 159) and their parents were observed during family discussions. One year later peer acceptance and children's information processing choices (goals, strategies, and attributions) in response to social dilemmas involving their parents and peers were assessed. Fathers' interaction styles with their children predicted both girls' and boys' information processing in regard to their fathers and peers, which, in turn, were related to peer acceptance. Mothers' interactive styles with their children predicted children's social information processing in regard to parents and peers and peer acceptance in similar ways, but only for girls. This study provided evidence that parent–child interaction is linked to children's information processing concerning their relationships with parents and peers and in turn with children being liked by peers. The implications of a social information processing approach for understanding family–peer links are emphasized.     

"灵感是诗的受孕"--艾青诗读记

艾青在上世纪 30年代的诗歌创作中“奉灵感为至圣” ,写出了很多富有魅力的佳作。他的灵感有三种类型 :定向涌流 ;感物触怀 ;彼此重合 ,都属对题材的“二次处理”。但在 4 0年代和 5 0年代 ,他的灵感失落 ,只凭“一次处理”写诗 ,创作陷入低谷。改革开放后 ,沉默多年的艾青重返诗坛 ,灵感回归 ,诗歌创作达到新高峰。     

When Children Have Two Mothers: Relationships With Nonresident Mothers,Stepmothers, and Fathers

Using data on 294 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who live with a biological father and have both a resident stepmother and a nonresident biological mother, this study examines the prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of adolescents’ closeness to each of their parents. Findings demonstrate that adolescents vary in their likelihood of having close relationships to resident fathers, resident stepmothers, and nonresident biological mothers, but when they can do so, they appear to benefit. Close relationships with both resident fathers and nonresident mothers are associated with fewer adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. Closeness to resident stepmothers, however, is unrelated to these two outcomes. Results suggest that fathers play a particularly important role in these families.     

Single Parenthood and Children’s Reading Performance in Asia

Using the data from Program for International Student Assessment, I examine the gap in reading performance between 15‐year‐old students in single‐parent and intact families in 5 Asian countries in comparison to the United States. The ordinary least square regression analyses show negligible disadvantages of students with a single parent in Hong Kong and Korea, once students’ demographic characteristics and socioeconomic background are held constant. Students in single‐parent families in Indonesia and Thailand outperform their peers in intact families. The negative effect of single parenthood remains significant in Japan, even after parent‐child communication is controlled. Interpreting the weak effect of single parenthood in the Asian countries, I consider extended family systems and the relatively high proportion of widowhood among causes of single parenthood.     

School's out! Why earlier among children of lone parents?

The aims of this population-based study were to analyse educational attainment at ages 24–25 among children of lone parents in comparison with children living with two biological parents, to increase understanding of the factors that seem to be of major importance in increased risks of lower educational achievement and to examine how the life circumstances of non-custodial parents influence possible differences. We found that children who grew up with only one parent showed lower educational attainment than did children in two-parent families. Poorer educational performance on the part of the offspring of lone parents can be explained to a large extent by socio-economic disadvantage, especially a lack of economic resources. However, achievement varies according to cause of lone parenting, and findings strongly indicate that adjusting solely for custodial parents' circumstances may lead to under-estimation of the relationship. Lone parenting seems to have a more detrimental effect on girls' education, and also within groups of children with highly educated parents than among those with a relatively low level of education.     

略论单音反义形容词的句法分布

单音反义形容词 (如“大—小”)的句法分布可分三类 :其一为单一性分布 ,即在某个句法位序上只出现一个反义形容词 ,其间又分为可替换和不可替换两类。其二为同现性分布 ,指一组反义形容词同时出现在某个短语或复句格式中 ,其结构关系有并列、顺承、转折、选择、并列否定、叠合否定等。其三为变异性分布 ,包括单音反义形容词转换成叠合式的内部结构变异 ,也包括不同句法成分转换的外部功能变异。     

单晶中植入纳米晶微结构及光电性能研究

单晶α-Al_2O_3、MgO、YSZ和TiO_2在室温下分别注入Ni~ 和Zn~ 离子,然后在氧化气氛中退火,以形成金属及其氧化物纳米晶．形成的纳米复合结构分别采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征各元素化学价态;用X射线衍射分析(XRD)检测纳米结构的结晶形态;用透射电子显微分析(TEM)观察纳米晶的微观结构及分布情况;吸收光谱和荧光光谱分别用来表征纳米复合结构的宏观光学性能;超导量子干涉磁强计(SQUID)测量磁性纳米晶的矫顽力及截止温度．研究表明:在几种单晶材料中分别形成的金属Ni和Zn具有表面等离子共振吸收效应,ZnO纳米晶具有较强的绿光发射,铁磁性金属Ni纳米晶具有比常规块材大的矫顽力。这些性能在光学滤波片、蓝/绿发光器件和磁存储器方面板具应用前景．     

论图案对称律形式及其构成方法

对称律是图案构成的基本形式规律之一,以对称的基本形式为出发点,从形态到空间利用对称律的构成形式和手法,根据这一构成形式规律,使对称在形态与空间两方面得到丰富的创造。     

智能烧结炉温度控制系统的设计与实现

针对烧结炉温度控制问题提出了一种简单实用的Fuzzy -PID控制方案 ,着重介绍了软件实现方法 .实际应用表明 ,此控制方案具有速度快、精确度高等特点 .     

Semiparametric Time-Varying Coefficients Regression Model for Longitudinal Data

Abstract.  In this paper, we consider a semiparametric time-varying coefficients regression model where the influences of some covariates vary non-parametrically with time while the effects of the remaining covariates follow certain parametric functions of time. The weighted least squares type estimators for the unknown parameters of the parametric coefficient functions as well as the estimators for the non-parametric coefficient functions are developed. We show that the kernel smoothing that avoids modelling of the sampling times is asymptotically more efficient than a single nearest neighbour smoothing that depends on the estimation of the sampling model. The asymptotic optimal bandwidth is also derived. A hypothesis testing procedure is proposed to test whether some covariate effects follow certain parametric forms. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the finite sample performances of the kernel neighbourhood smoothing and the single nearest neighbour smoothing and to check the empirical sizes and powers of the proposed testing procedures. An application to a data set from an AIDS clinical trial study is provided for illustration.