Recognizing complex trauma in child welfare‐affected mothers of colour

Child welfare‐affected mothers of colour live with the deleterious effects of complex trauma unrecognized by the child welfare system. Child welfare system instead focuses on mothers' more overt functional difficulties, facilitating a misalignment between mothers' felt needs and mandated services. Qualitative data from a mixed‐methods study were used to explore the phenomenon of complex trauma in 20 urban‐dwelling mothers using a combined interpretive phenomenological and directed content analysis. Mothers experienced chronic and compound exposure to traumatic events. Themes of interpersonal violations of trust and pervasive mistrust of others, revictimization, absence of appropriate mental health treatment, and maternal growth emerged. Implications for utilizing a trauma‐informed approach for policy and practice are discussed.     

Impact of Adult Sons’ Incarceration on African American Mothers’ Psychological Distress

This longitudinal study examines the effect of sons’ incarceration on their mothers’ psychological distress. Interviews were conducted over the life course with a community cohort of African American mothers who had children in first grade in 1966 – 1967 when the study began (N =615). Thirty years later, their sons had significant rates of incarceration (22.4%). Structural equation modeling showed that the more recent the incarceration, the greater the mothers’ psychological distress, even controlling for earlier socioeconomic status and psychological well‐being. Financial difficulties and greater burden of grandparenting are associated with having a son incarcerated and they mediate the relationship between the incarceration and a mother’s psychological distress. Results suggest that incarceration has important effects on family members’ well‐being.     

Teen Mothers: Marriage,Cohabitation, and Educational Achievement

This study examines the proportions of ethnically diverse low-income teen mothers who are cohabitating and/or married to the father of their child(ren) at approximately 14, 24, and 36 months after birth of their child. In addition, the relationship between marital status and education among teen mothers is explored. At 36 months after giving birth, 60% of mothers were not living with or married to the fathers of their children. Hispanic mothers were the most likely, and African-American mothers the least likely, to be married to the father at each of the three time points. For Hispanic teen mothers, being married at 14 months was related to lower educational achievement.     

College Students' Positivity Toward Teen Mothers

Although teen pregnancy and parenthood are more visible in society than in the past, teen mothers are often stereotyped and stigmatized. The study examined positivity toward teen mothers among college students (N = 316) at a midwestern university. Although students responded positively to some items regarding teen mothers, other statements showed endorsements of stereotypes. Positivity toward teen mothers was positively related to empathy and classification (freshman, sophomore, etc.). Those who did not report having a teen mother in their family had higher levels of positivity than those who reported having a teen mother in their family. Research should examine perceptions of teen mothers among social workers and interventionists as a moderator of intervention effectiveness.     

Family Support Center Village: A Unique Approach for Low-Income Single Women with Children

ABSTRACT

The Family Support Center, recognizing the need for single women with children to maintain stability, has developed a program referred to as the Family Support Center Village, which incorporates a service enriched co-housing model. The “Village” will be the catalyst for these mothers' self-sufficiency and will provide opportunities to develop tools for success and independence.     

试论海湾六国货币统一的现实意义

目前，安全问题和经济模式单一问题直接威胁到了海湾六国的社会稳定和经济发展，是六国政府所面临的首要难题。从经济一体化的角度看，货币统一将扩大海湾六国对世界经济的影响，提升其在国际事务中的地位，对海湾六国解决安全问题有重大影响和积极作用。同时，海湾六国统一货币所带来的经济效应也将促进海湾六国经济多元化发展。     

浅析北魏前期立子杀母与太后干政的并行发展

拓跋珪为了防止后妃和外戚干政制定了“立子杀母”制度,此制在孝文帝以前一直被一丝不苟地遵行。但尽管 如此,太后干政现象仍然层出不穷,尤其是在北魏前期两者几乎呈现并行发展的状态。这一现象的产生是由于“立子杀母”制 本身存在很多弊端,而且北魏政权一些独有的特点也为太后干政提供了条件。     

企业诚信升迁的有效途径

为探讨和研究企业诚信升迁的有效途径,运用博弈理论分析考察企业诚信的形成及其进化机制。分析表明:在一次博弈中,低诚信是企业的理性选择;在重复博弈中企业可能出现低级与高级2种诚信平衡,低级的诚信均衡会造成社会总剩余的损失,高级的诚信均衡会使企业获得由品牌溢价带来的利益,消费者会获得较高的效用。同时表明:良好的社会信念、清晰对称的信息环境、激励性的品牌溢价以及相对较高的失信成本是促使企业诚信升迁的有效途径。     

WTO争端解决机制的缺陷及改进

WTO争端解决机制仍受强权政治的影响,对发展中国家而言,是一个沉重的负担,专家小组和上诉机构执法存在不公正性,执行期限过长。为此,应禁止任何国家采取未经授权的单边措施,减轻发展中国家的负担,对专家小组和上诉机构的选派与其权限,需要进行审慎的改革,对有关诉讼时间需进行调整。     

信号短暂缺失下的非完备GPS定位算法研究

该文提出一种在城市峡谷等复杂环境中卫星被频繁遮挡造成卫星信号短暂缺失的非完备条件下,利用少于3颗有效卫星,实现满足一定精度要求的定位方法。实际数据测试表明,在数十秒的短暂非完备期间内,该方法可以提供满足导航要求的定位结果,从而提高了GPS接收机的有效性。该方法不依赖额外传感器,亦不需要电子地图支持,同时系统成本无明显增加。