Social Stratification and the Division of Household Labor in Japan: The Effect of Wives' Work on the Division of Labor among Dual-earner Families

Abstract:  This article explores the relationship between social stratification and the division of household labor by examining how the contribution to housework by husbands in dual-earner families varies across the Japanese social stratification structure. First, I review previous studies concerning the determinants of husbands' participation in housework and construct four hypotheses regarding the relative resources explanation, the time constraints explanation, the ideology/sex role explanation, and the alternative manpower explanation. Second, I examine the empirical support for these hypotheses in dual-earner couples and the effect of social stratification on husband's participation in housework, which has not been studied thus far. Third, I investigate the effect of social stratification in more detail. According to the results of TOBIT regressions and other supplementary analyses, the principal findings are as follows:

• 1) 

  the relative resources explanation is not supported;

       

综合实践活动课程实施的问题与对策

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战后,在西方发展模式示范效应下,许多发展中国家积极推行单一经济增长战略.这些国家在获得经济发展的同时,也产生了一系列问题,推动了发展观的演变.在世纪之交,以邓小平为核心的中共第二代领导集体,立足于中国实际,吸收世界发展理论的优秀成果,强调要在开放中走一条人口、经济、社会、环境协调持续发展的现代化道路,为中国的发展指明了方向.     

动物权利论的一种古代形式——中国传统的害虫防治理论和技术

病虫害的发生是“反常”,是由于气的正常运动受到了干拢,偏离了常规。气的运动之所以会偏离常规,则是由人们违反自然的不当的行为造成的。因此防止病虫为害的根本措施就是要根据气阴阳运动规律,严格按照天时地宜行事。     

Improving flexibility and efficiency by adding parallelism to genetic algorithms

In this paper we develop a study on several types of parallel genetic algorithms (PGAs). Our motivation is to bring some uniformity to the proposal, comparison, and knowledge exchange among the traditionally opposite kinds of serial and parallel GAs. We comparatively analyze the properties of steady-state, generational, and cellular genetic algorithms. Afterwards, this study is extended to consider a distributed model consisting in a ring of GA islands. The analyzed features are the time complexity, selection pressure, schema processing rates, efficacy in finding an optimum, efficiency, speedup, and resistance to scalability. Besides that, we briefly discuss how the migration policy affects the search. Also, some of the search properties of cellular GAs are investigated. The selected benchmark is a representative subset of problems containing real world difficulties. We often conclude that parallel GAs are numerically better and faster than equivalent sequential GAs. Our aim is to shed some light on the advantages and drawbacks of various sequential and parallel GAs to help researchers using them in the very diverse application fields of the evolutionary computation.     

论休闲产业发展与社会的全面进步

随着我国全面建设小康社会目标的实施,休闲产业也因得到需求方面的拉动将进入快速发展时期。本文论述了休闲产业的内涵与特征,研究了休闲产业发展对社会发展的推动作用。     

我国高校办学经费不足的原因及对策探讨

本文浅议在市场经济条件下,我国高等教育在蓬勃发展的同时,高等学校办学经费所面临的主要问题,并通过分析提出解决这些问题的办法。     

从符号学角度看《墨经》名学

《墨经》名学探讨了名之界说、名实关系、名的分类、正名原则以及名之谬误,其中包含深刻的指称论、语义、语用和语境等符号学思想。从现代符号学观点重新审视这些思想,有重要的学术和应用价值。     

从汉俄语的三次借词高潮看语言文化接触情况

本文试从汉、俄两种语言外来词的借入过程中所出现的高潮现象这一视角出发,运用社会语言学和对比语言学的相关理论,研究两种语言中语言与文化方面的接触情况及广义的外部借词的特点。