管理是企业永恒的主题

在我国社会主义市场经济条件下,确立管理对经济效益的决定作用,大刀阔斧地改革落后的管理模式是企业改革最迫切、最重要的任务,也是实行现代企业制度的重点.     

中国人口老龄化的“二高三大”特征及对策探讨

本文分析讨论了我国 2 1世纪上半叶人口老龄化的“二高三大”特征。 (一 )高速 :65岁及以上老年人口占总人口比例高速增长———从目前的 7%增加到 2 0 5 0年的 2 3%左右。 (二 )高龄 :80岁及以上高龄老人比例以大约等于 65岁及以上老人增长速度的两倍超高速增长。 (三 )老人数量大 :本世纪中叶我国 65岁及以上老人将超过 3 3亿 ,80岁及以上老人将超过 1亿。 (四 )老年抚养比大 :本世纪中叶我国老年人口与劳动年龄人口之比将等于目前的 3～ 4倍。 (五 )地区差异大 :由于人口迁移的影响 ,我国农村老人比例将高于城镇 ,相当一部分欠发达省区的老人比例将高于全国平均水平。本文还就农村社会养老保障、充分发扬家庭养老优良传统、老年照料政策应适当向女性老人倾斜等方面阐述了对策性思考与建议。     

中国传统社会救济与城市贫困人口社会救助理念建设

中国传统社会救济是现代社会救助不可回避的历史基础 ,其救济思想源于道义性。城市居民社会救助制度是对传统社会救济的根本性改革 ,其基本原则与传统社会救济截然不同 ,即强调社会救助中政府的法定责任、公民的法定权利和对应义务的统一。然而 ,传统社会救济思想以其强大的惯性力量影响着现代社会救助理念建设 ,使其表现出一定的滞后性 ,主要为 :对政府责任和公民权利强调不够 ;对民众社会救助义务宣传不力。理念建设的滞后使部分民众和工作人员对社会救助认识模糊、混乱 ,阻碍了社会救助制度健康发展。     

唯物史观视野中的“知识经济”问题

当前西方“知识经济”理论试图用科学知识的创造与应用状况来规定人类发展高阶段的社会文明和历史时代的本质及规律。这与唯物史观从经济基础与上层建筑的统一来定位社会形态和历史时代的原则相去甚远 ,对此我们不能盲目认同 ,但我们也不能对之虚无主义地完全排斥。应该看到 ,“知识经济”问题的研究将会推动我们对马克思主义实践观中科学知识要素的关注 ;将会加深我们对在新的历史时期实施科教兴国战略的理解 ;将会更新我们对知识分子历史地位的认识。这些都将有助于丰富和拓展唯物史观的视野     

The Organizational Connection: Social Capital and the Career Expansion of Directors of Business Groups in Israel

This article studies which directors of the largest corporations forming part of the Israeli business groups accumulated directorships within the groups between the years 1974 and 1988. A comparison is made between directors within business groups who accumulate directorships and those who do not, and in addition, the research focuses on directors who joined additional boards, questioning who gets ahead in terms of three components of social capital: organizational positions, elite positions, and social networks. The study uses logistic regression to discern which variables increase the likelihood of being invited onto an additional board within the business groups and the likelihood of getting ahead. The findings strongly support the hypothesis that the organizational position of directors, more than their elite position ties and social networks, is the most significant determinant of who will join additional boards and who will get ahead. The article is concluded with a discussion of several factors contributing to relative impact of organizational positions.     

帝俄时期的社会结构和社会流动

俄国在莫斯科国家时期不存在等级 ,1 649年法典是俄国等级制度发展的分界线 ,1 8世纪末俄国等级制度基本形成。 1 9世纪 60年代改革后 ,逐渐失去特权的各个等级在法律上相互接近 ,并向阶级和职业集团演化 ,但到 1 91 7年前 ,等级尚未彻底变成阶级。在整个帝俄时期人口的社会结构变化异常缓慢 ,除城市等级外 ,其他主要等级的绝对人数增长而相对人数下降。 1 861年前等级间的社会流动规模不大 ,每代人中约有 1 /1 0的人参加社会流动 ,农民和僧侣是其他等级队伍获得补充的源泉     

论马克思早期思想的发展

马克思早期思想的发展经历了许多转变,但立足于现实的理论立场却贯穿于马克思早期思想发展的始终。从现实本身而不是从某种观念来说明人及其历史,是马克思早期思想发展过程中一系列批判和清算的出发点,也是历史唯物主义得以创立的首要前提。     

Uprooted belonging: the formation of a ‘Jumma Diaspora’ in New York City

A growing number of so-called indigenous ‘Jumma’ people from the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh are migrating to New York City (NYC) in search of a ‘better life’, an attempt to escape from a situation defined largely by deprivation and exclusion. This paper asks how these migrants navigate the new terrain, which often does not comply with their expectations but instead fuels a deep sense of disappointment. It will be shown that their transnational practices and belonging are not only extensions of the global ‘Jumma’ network, but also that the formation of a diaspora community and the maintenance of cultural boundaries simultaneously create attachment to NYC. Making NYC a home is shaped by their dreams and aspirations, and by the ambiguous ways in which they relate to both the CHT and NYC, places where they find themselves torn between feelings of longing and detachment.     

Gender differences and equality issues in Europe: critical aspects of gender mainstreaming policies

Gender mainstreaming is the major global strategy for the promotion of gender equality. Clear intergovernmental mandates for gender mainstreaming have been developed for all the major areas of work of the United Nations and the European Commission, including disarmament, poverty reduction, macro-economics, health, education and trade. The evaluation of equal opportunities mainly focuses on qualification measures for unemployed women and improvements in childcare facilities, and on consideration of gender mainstreaming in other policy areas as well as macro-economic effects on employment and unemployment of women. It is evident that the promotion of qualification measures and childcare facilities increases the activity rate of women, although there remain doubts about the quality and sustainability of many measures and the impact on families. In particular this article focuses on the relation between gender mainstreaming and equality issues to examine whether and how the debate on the topic is a real way to improve equality without missing gender differences and women's rights.     

Good management,sound finances,and social responsibility: Two decades of U.S. corporate insider perspectives on reputation and the bottom line

This research sought to expand practitioner and scholarly understanding of the relationship between corporate reputation and the bottom line. An analysis of 706 firms over a 21-year timeframe revealed three attributes of reputation – management quality, financial soundness, and social responsibility – made consistently positive contributions to several measures of firm financial performance. Perceptions of corporate reputation were gathered exclusively from U.S. executives, directors, and financial analysts, referred to herein as corporate insiders.