Sexuality in Older Adults (65+)—An Overview of the Literature,Part 1: Sexual Function and its Difficulties

Objectives: The aim of the current article was to provide an overview of literature on sexual function and sexual difficulties in older adults. Method: The authors conducted a narrative review of papers published in English between January 2005 and July 2015 based on an extensive search in PsycINFO. Results: The review showed that although common biological changes may adversely affect sexual function in old age, sexual experience seems to also be affected by psychological and interpersonal factors. Conclusions: Greater life expectancy and better medical care will result in older individuals with chronic diseases living longer. The need for help to cope with changes in sexual health is likely to increase in older adults, as sexuality may be negatively affected through several pathways.     

近十年《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》的研究述评

《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》是毛泽东在我国社会主义建设早期,对马克思主义矛盾学说理论进行阐释的十分重要的经典著作之一.它的发表对于正确认识和处理我国社会主义建设时期的人民内部矛盾,提供了科学的理论遵循和方法借鉴,并产生了重大影响.学界近十年对《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》的研究,产生了大量的优秀理论成果,主要涉及文本的解读、历史的考察、哲学的思考、思政教育探析、当代价值、意义和启示等层面,但同时也存在一些问题,如研究视域相对狭小、研究深度相对不够、研究内容相对零碎、研究范式相对僵化、研究层面相对失衡等.学界需要在继承原有研究成果基础之上,扩大研究视野、创新研究范式、平衡研究层面,来促进《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》研究的不断深化.     

Reciprocal relationships between psychosocial work characteristics and sleep problems: A two-wave study

Sleep problems are common and impair the health and productivity of employees. Work characteristics constitute one possible cause of sleep problems, and sleeping poorly might influence wellbeing and performance at work. This study examines the reciprocal associations between sleep problems and psychosocial work characteristics. The participants were 1744 full-time employed individuals (56% women; mean age 38 years in 2007) from the Young Finns study who responded to questionnaires on work characteristics (conceptualised by the demand–control model and effort–reward imbalance model) and sleep problems (Jenkins Sleep Scale) in 2007 and 2012. Cross-lagged structural equation models are used to examine the associations. The results show that low control and low rewards at baseline predicted sleep problems. Baseline sleep problems predicted higher effort, higher effort–reward imbalance, and lower reward. Sleep problems also predicted lower odds for belonging to the low (rather than high) job strain group and active jobs group. The association between work characteristics and sleep problems appears to be reciprocal, with a stressful work environment increasing sleep problems, and sleep problems influencing future work characteristics. The results emphasise the importance of interventions aimed at both enhancing sleep quality and reducing psychosocial risks at work.     

Social Skills in Children Adopted From Socially-Emotionally Depriving Institutions

This study assessed social skills in post-institutionalized (PI) children with respect to age at adoption, age at assessment, and gender. Parent ratings of social skills (Social Skills Rating System) and behavior problems (Child Behavior Checklist) were obtained for 214 children and 127 adolescents who were adopted from socially-emotionally depriving Russian institutions. Results showed that children adopted before 18 months of age have better social skills than those adopted after this age; those assessed in childhood demonstrate better social skills than those assessed in adolescence. PI females, especially later-adopted adolescents, have particularly poor social skills. Children with poor social skills tend to have higher rates of behavior problems.     

文化冲突视野下青年世界观问题研究

当前的中国正处于社会转型的关键时期。在这个特殊的历史时期,社会中充斥着各种文化冲突。这些不同文化之间的相互冲突,对于当前的青年群体正确世界观的确立产生了诸如对科学世界观缺乏认同、不能正确认识个人和社会的关系、有神论思想及思想方法片面等很多消极影响。为此,对青年世界观的教育,应着重采取实践教育、区别对待、具体指导、情感培养、实现知识内化等措施。     

高校科研经费管理中存在的问题及对策研究

近些年来,我国高校科研经费大幅度增长,科研项目种类日益繁多,给科研经费的管理提出了新的挑战。目前,我国高校科研经费管理中存在着各地各校虽宽严不一,但模式相同,缺乏区别管理,相关部门和责任人各自为政等问题。究其原因是责任意识缺乏和制度建设滞后。解决这些问题的根本出路是通过宣传教育提升相关部门和行为主体的责任意识。有效措施是实行区别管理制度,强化相关职能部门和课题责任人之间的沟通与协调,采取适度灵活的管理政策,有区别地适当提高项目组成员劳务费比重,实行项目主持人责任制。     

城市社区图书馆发展问题探析

社区图书馆在城市社区文化建设中发挥着重要作用,然而由于我国社区图书馆事业起步较晚,经验不足,在建设和发展的进程中还存在许多不足之处,文章详细列举了目前我国社区图书馆普遍存在的问题并阐述了应对策略。     

The warrants of parenting: emotionality and reflexivity in economically disadvantaged families

Despite the popularity of the education model in parenting work, parents' capacity for reflexive inner dialogue is becoming a newly sought virtue for handling parent–child difficulties. Based on a study of parenting experiences among Chinese parents in Hong Kong, this paper argues for a departure from the education model to incorporate reflexive parenting in the parental role. Reflexive parenting promises idiosyncratic solutions for the dynamic problems that parenting in contemporary society must address. Warrants of reflexive parenting are proposed as a framework with which helping professionals can adjust their strategies to help parents better handle the challenge of contemporary parenting.     

On being unreasonable in modern society: are mental health problems special?

There are many grounds for arguing that people with a range of disabilities have more in common than they have differences. However, those grounds to date have not resulted in a unified social movement. This paper examines one possible reason for that lack of unity: the particular force of being unreasonable in modern society. However, being unreasonable is not limited to those with a psychiatric diagnosis, nor does a lack or loss of reason take a simple common form within that group: it is a highly nuanced and context-specific matter. This complexity is discussed in relation to a set of inter-related questions about legalism, morality and post-enlightenment concerns with order and rationality. The paper concludes with a discussion of scenarios available to new social movements concerned with disability.     

四川省“十一五”期间“民族问题”研究述评

"十一五"期间,四川省"民族问题"研究已经形成了良好的发展势头,"民族问题"研究工作者和民族工作战线的广大工作人员,取得了令人瞩目的成绩,主要表现在学术机构、学术队伍和学科建设的新发展以及社科基金项目大幅攀升等方面。这些成就为"十二五"期间"民族问题"研究的发展跃上一个新台阶奠定了很好的基础。但是,也存在一些问题:国家社科基金侧重应用研究和对策研究,事实上削弱了基本理论的研究,"体"与"用"出现失衡,从长远而言,不利于我国哲学社会科学的繁荣发展;理论研究的失误和缺失势必带来政策与工作的失误。实事求是地总结近60年来我们民族工作正、反两个方面的经验教训,评估我们当前的民族问题和民族工作状况,改进我们下一步的民族工作是我们面临的一个重要课题。