广州话与格介词“过”和“畀”的变异考察

作为表示引进交付、传递的对象或受益者的与格介词，广州话中的“过”至晚于明末清初便已经出现，在明末至清末的几百年间．“过”的使用一直保持着优势地位，而“畀”作为与格介词的用法直到清末时期仍然相对少见。与格介词“畀”自产生起就处于与“过”竞争的变异状态。自民国中后期开始，广州话的与格介词“过”便呈现出被“畀”取代的趋势。“过”和“畀”的变异既是语言自身演变规律的体现，也是语言运用影响的结果。     

The social stratification of tongue shape for postvocalic /r/ in Scottish English1

The sociolinguistic modelling of phonological variation and change is almost exclusively based on auditory and acoustic analyses of speech. One phenomenon which has proved elusive when considered in these ways is the variation in postvocalic /r/ in Scottish English. This study therefore shifts to speech production: we present a socioarticulatory study of variation of postvocalic /r/ in CVr (e.g. car) words, using a socially‐stratified ultrasound tongue imaging corpus of speech collected in eastern central Scotland in 2008. Our results show social stratification of /r/ at the articulatory level, with middle‐class speakers using bunched articulations, while working‐class speakers use greater proportions of tongue‐tip and tongue‐front raised variants. Unlike articulatory variation of /r/ in American English, the articulatory variants in our Scottish English corpus are both auditorily distinct from one another, and correlate with strong and weak ends of an auditory rhotic continuum, which also shows clear social stratification.     

On the estimation of variance components in stability analysis

Chow and Shao (1989, 1991) indicated that the presence of batch-to-batch variation has an impact on the determination of drug shelf-life in stability studies. In this paper, we propose two unbiased estmators for batch-to-batch variation. The proposed estimators are compared in terms of their corresponding variances. An example concerning a stability study is discussed to illustrate the use of the proposed estimators.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed
Tannen, Deborah. The Argument Culture: Changing the Way We Argue and Debate .
Adger, Carolyn Temple; Christian, Donna; Taylor, Orlando (eds.) Making the Connection: Language and Academic Achievement among African American Students .
Shuy, Roger W. The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception .
Hutchby, Ian and Wooffitt, Robin. Conversation Analysis .
Ainsworth-Vaughn, Nancy. Claiming Power in Doctor-Patient Talk .
Eco, Umberto. Serendipities: Language and Lunacy .
Beal, Joan. English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth Century: Thomas Spence's 'Grand Repository of the English Language' .
Habermas, Jürgen. On the Pragmatics of Communication .     

Identifying Dispersion Effects in Robust Design Experiments—Issues and Improvements

The two experimental methods most commonly used for reducing the effect of noise factors on a response of interest Y aim either to estimate a model of the variability (V(Y), or an associated function), that is transmitted by the noise factors, or to estimate a model of the ratio between the response (Y) and all the control and noise factors involved therein. Both methods aim to determine which control factor conditions minimise the noise factors' effect on the response of interest, and a series of analytical guidelines are established to reach this end. Product array designs allow robustness problems to be solved in both ways, but require a large number of experiments. Thus, practitioners tend to choose more economical designs that only allow them to model the surface response for Y. The general assumption is that both methods would lead to similar conclusions. In this article we present a case that utilises a design based on a product design and for which the conclusions yielded by the two analytical methods are quite different. This example casts doubt on the guidelines that experimental practice follows when using either of the two methods. Based on this example, we show the causes behind these discrepancies and we propose a number of guidelines to help researchers in the design and interpretation of robustness problems when using either of the two methods.     

辽宁省县域经济发展差异的成因分析

为了找出县域经济发展差异产生的原因，从而促进辽宁省县域经济的快速、协调发展，利用加权变异系数方法和锡尔系数方法从产业因素和空间因素两个角度对辽宁省县域经济发展差异的成因进行了分析。结果表明：从三次产业的层面来看，第二产业是导致县域经济发展差异的第一因素，第三产业是第二位因素，而第一产业对县域经济发展差异的影响最小，而且还在不断下降；从空间层面来看，地区间差异和辽南地区的内部差异是影响辽宁省县域经济发展差异的决定因素。     

少数民族传统文化中现代价值的认识和继承——以神话传说中的生态思想为例

研究和发掘少数民族传统文化中的现代价值,不仅有利于唤起人们对保护民族地区文化生态重要性的认识,而且也是更好地继承和发展少数民族传统文化的需要。文章以少数民族神话传说中蕴含的生态思想为例,指出在少数民族传统文化流失和变异不断加剧的背景下,对其现代价值的研究,既要重视文献资料的发掘,也不能忽视田野调查的结论,只有将两者结合起来,才能得出更为切合实际的结论。     

莫言小说语言变异审美

莫言小说语言的生成机制有多种,其中对变异的运用是最重要的生成方式之一,通过对语言的变异,使有限的语言所传递的语义信息和审美信息增值,成就了莫言小说文学语言绚丽多姿的表现形态。     

Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services: How Consumer Access Is Restricted by State Policies

State Medicaid programs have expanded home and community-based services (HCBS). This article compares trends and variations in state policies for Medicaid HCBS programs in 2005 and 2010. State limitations on financial eligibility criteria and service benefits have remained stable. Although the use of consumer direction, independent providers, and family care providers has increased, some states do not have these options. The increased adoption of state cost control policies have led to large increases in persons on waiver wait lists. Access could be improved by standardizing and liberalizing state HCBS policies, but state fiscal concerns are barriers to rebalancing between HCBS and institutional services.     

红桥修禊与清代士人之心态流变

修禊作为一种古老的祭祀风俗,在历史的流变中逐渐转化为一种文人雅集的重要形式。从闻名古今的兰亭修禊开始,修禊不断地被后世文人所模仿,留下了众多的千古佳话。文章以清朝王士禛、孔尚任、卢见曾所举行的几次著名的红桥修禊为例,通过这几次文人禊集中流传下来的诗文词赋,揭示出清代文人的精神风貌和生活情趣,及在不同时期士人心态的流变。