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91.
美国作家杜鲁门·卡波特擅长将叙事策略中的故事空间变化应用于自己的小说中。本文分析了他运用的三种故事空间变化的方式:南方小镇与城市之间的故事空间变化、逃亡式的故事空间变化和旅途式的故事空间变化。以上三种叙事方式不仅仅被视为叙事策略,亦表现出卡波特对美国社会的关注和对现实的深入思考,具有丰富的内蕴。这不失为卡波特研究的一种新思路。 相似文献
92.
The monitoring of process/product profiles is presently a growing and promising area of research in statistical process control. This study is aimed at developing monitoring schemes for nonlinear profiles with random effects. We utilize the technique of principal components analysis to analyze the covariance structure of the profiles and propose monitoring schemes based on principal component (PC) scores. The number of the PC scores used in constructing control charts is crucial to the detecting power. In the Phase I analysis of historical data, due to the dependency of the PC-scores, we adopt the usual Hotelling T 2 chart to check the stability. For Phase II monitoring, we study individual PC-score control charts, a combined chart scheme that combines all the PC-score charts, and a T 2 chart. Although an individual PC-score chart may be perfect for monitoring a particular mode of variation, a chart that can detect general shifts, such as the T 2 chart and the combined chart scheme, is more feasible in practice. The performances of the schemes under study are evaluated in terms of the average run length. 相似文献
93.
Haim Shore 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(9):1819-1841
A statistical distribution of a random variable is uniquely represented by its normal-based quantile function. For a symmetrical distribution it is S-shaped (for negative kurtosis) and inverted S-shaped (otherwise). As skewness departs from zero, the quantile function gradually transforms into a monotone convex function (positive skewness) or concave function (otherwise). Recently, a new general modeling platform has been introduced, response modeling methodology, which delivers good representation to monotone convex relationships due to its unique “continuous monotone convexity” property. In this article, this property is exploited to model the normal-based quantile function, and explored using a set of 27 distributions. 相似文献
94.
Fan Yang 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(3):520-532
The tail distortion risk measure at level p was first introduced in Zhu and Li (2012), where the parameter p ∈ (0, 1) indicates the confidence level. They established first-order asymptotics for this risk measure, as p↑1, for the Fréchet case. In this article, we extend their work by establishing both first-order and second-order asymptotics for the Fréchet, Weibull, and Gumbel cases. Numerical studies are also carried out to examine the accuracy of both asymptotics. 相似文献
95.
Nader Ebrahimi 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(5):651-659
Let x be a random variable having the normal distribution with mean μ and variance c2μ2, where c is a known constant. The maximum likelihood estimation of μ when the lowest r1 and the highest r2 sample values censored have been given the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator is obtained. 相似文献
96.
Lubomir Dechevsky 《Statistics》2013,47(5):423-442
The spatially inhomogeneous smoothness of the non-parametric density or regression-function to be estimated by non-parametric methods is often modelled by Besov- and Triebel-type smoothness constraints. For such problems, Donoho and Johnstone [D.L. Donoho and I.M. Johnstone, Minimax estimation via wavelet shrinkage. Ann. Stat. 26 (1998), pp. 879–921.], Delyon and Juditsky [B. Delyon and A. Juditsky, On minimax wavelet estimators, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 3 (1996), pp. 215–228.] studied minimax rates of convergence for wavelet estimators with thresholding, while Lepski et al. [O.V. Lepski, E. Mammen, and V.G. Spokoiny, Optimal spatial adaptation to inhomogeneous smoothness: an approach based on kernel estimators with variable bandwidth selectors, Ann. Stat. 25 (1997), pp. 929–947.] proposed a variable bandwidth selection for kernel estimators that achieved optimal rates over Besov classes. However, a second challenge in many real applications of non-parametric curve estimation is that the function must be positive. Here, we show how to construct estimators under positivity constraints that satisfy these constraints and also achieve minimax rates over the appropriate smoothness class. 相似文献
97.
BackgroundThere has been a worldwide rise in planned caesarean sections over recent decades, with significant variations in practice between hospitals and countries. Guidelines are known to influence clinical decision-making and, potentially, unwarranted clinical variation. The aim of this study was to review guidelines for recommendations in relation to the timing and indications for planned caesarean section as well as recommendations around the process of decision-making.MethodA systematic search of national and international English-language guidelines published between 2008 and 2018 was undertaken. Guidelines were reviewed, assessed in terms of quality and extracted independently by two reviewers.FindingsIn total, 49 guidelines of varying quality were included. There was consistency between the guidelines in potential indications for caesarean section, although guidelines vary in terms of the level of detail. There was substantial variation in timing of birth, for example recommended timing of caesarean section for women with uncomplicated placenta praevia is between 36 and 39 weeks depending on the guideline. Only 11 guidelines provided detailed guidance on shared decision-making. In general, national-level guidelines from Australia, and overseas, received higher quality ratings than regional guidelines.ConclusionThe majority of guidelines, regardless of their quality, provide very limited information to guide shared decision-making or the timing of planned caesarean section, two of the most vital aspects of guidance. National guidelines were generally of better quality than regional ones, suggesting these should be used as a template where possible and emphasis placed on improving national guidelines and minimising intra-country, regional, variability of guidelines. 相似文献
98.
In this paper we define a class of unbalanced designs, denoted by Ck,s,t, for estimating the components of variance in a k-stage nested random effects linear model. This class contains many of the designs proposed in the literature for nested components of variance models. We focus on the three-state model and discuss the determination of locally optimal designs within this class using a systematic computer search. For large sample sizes we show that approximate optimal designs may be obtained using a limit argument combined with numerical optimization. A comparison of our designs with previously published designs suggests that, in many cases, our designs result in substantial gains in efficiency. 相似文献
99.
Craig Welker 《Journal of Sociolinguistics》2024,28(1):26-45
This study of syllable-final /s/ reduction in a 55-speaker corpus of Spanish in Juchitán, México, a contact variety, uses both language contact and social processes to explain its results. Contact with the indigenous Isthmus Zapotec language leads to decreased rates of syllable-final /s/ retention, creating a locally salient n+1-order index between “Zapotecness” and /s/ reduction that influences the indexical field for syllable-final /s/ reduction. Zapotec identity is associated with tradition and femininity. Therefore, in this new indexical field, syllable-final /s/ reduction comes to directly index Zapotec language dominance and indirectly index both femininity and tradition. This leads feminine and elderly speakers to reduce /s/ more frequently than “less feminine” and young speakers, even though the opposite pattern is usually found in other varieties. The results show, therefore, that language contact can influence the indexical field typically linked to socially meaningful variation and thereby cause unexpected patterns of variation to emerge. 相似文献
100.
蔡元培翻译观的认识论诠释 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄勤 《安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,30(1):43-46
本文从哲学认识论的角度对蔡元培在《国文学讲义.叙言》中隐含的“译即易”的译学观点进行了诠释。认为翻译过程就是译者主体对于文本客体的认识活动,在这一认识过程中,译者主体的认知结构、价值观念、情感等都对翻译起着重要的作用,从而产生不同的认识结果即不同的译本。但译者主体作用的发挥最终还是要受到文本这个客体和原文本作者这另一主体的制约。文本内容,即原作者的思想仍旧是无法改变的。 相似文献