关于高周疲劳损伤演化方程的讨论

首先,指出Lemaitre等提出的高周疲劳损伤演化方程只适用于等效应力循环为等幅的加载情形.然后,基于等效应力循环为不等幅的加载情形,推导出适用于高周疲劳的损伤演化方程,说明上述等幅加载情形的损伤演化方程只是高周疲劳损伤演化方程的一个特例,且后者的结果更具一般性.     

人格偏常特质的性别差异研究

目的：从性别差异的角度探索人格障碍与人格偏常特质之间的关联。方法：采用方便抽样的方法,以南京市高校大学生为研究群体,实施问卷测量,采用SPSS23.0与Mplus软件对结果进行分析。结果：①女性回避型人格障碍得分显著高于男性,而分裂型、自恋型、反社会型人格障碍得分显著低于男性;多维度特质模型中,在5个维度与25项特质上部分特质存在性别差异。②在女性样本中,人格障碍与负性情感、敌意和焦虑、欺诈、冷漠特质相关;而在男性样本中,人格障碍与负性情感、解离、失抑制和分离恐惧、敌对、持续性、多疑、避免亲密特质相关。③父亲的受教育程度在敌意维度和人格障碍之间起到部分中介效应。④欺诈和冷漠特质的交互作用对人格障碍起到反向调节的作用。结论：人格障碍和人格偏常特质存在性别差异。     

“城市”考释——中国古代的商业与城市化进程

“城”最初是人类修建的环卫聚居处的防御性建筑,最初的功能是政治性和军事性的最初的功能是政治性和军事性的。它的出现大约在新石器时期的晚期到青铜时代早期。而“市”虽然出现较早,但它的完善与发展与“城”息息相关。而“市”对“城”从一种必要的补充进而到相互促进和发展。如今,人们认识到我国城市的发展离不开经济的发展,其中农业尤为重要,甚至取决于农业的发展。     

Estimation for Birnbaum–Saunders Distribution in Simple Step Stress–accelerated Life Test with Type-II Censoring

This paper develops the Bayesian estimation for the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution based on Type-II censoring in the simple step stress–accelerated life test with power law accelerated form. Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained and Gibbs sampling procedure is used to get the Bayesian estimates for shape parameter of Birnbaum–Saunders distribution and parameters of power law–accelerated model. Asymptotic normality method and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method are employed to construct the corresponding confidence interval and highest posterior density interval at different confidence level, respectively. At last, the results are compared by using Monte Carlo simulations, and a numerical example is analyzed for illustration.     

Divorce and the Divine: The Role of Spirituality in Adjustment to Divorce

This study examined the role of three spiritual responses to divorce for psychological adjustment: appraising the event as a sacred loss/desecration, engaging in adaptive spiritual coping, and experiencing spiritual struggles. A sample of 100 adults (55% female) was recruited through public divorce records. Most appraised their divorce as a sacred loss/desecration (74%), experienced spiritual struggles (78%), and engaged in adaptive spiritual coping (88%). Appraisals of sacred loss/desecration and spiritual struggles were tied to higher levels of depression. Adaptive spiritual coping was tied to greater posttraumatic growth. Spiritual coping and struggles each contributed uniquely to adjustment beyond parallel forms of nonspiritual coping and struggles and mediated links between viewing the divorce as a sacred loss/desecration and depression.     

位移边界对2D-FGM板热应力影响研究

考虑不同的位移边界条件,建立了常物性2D-FGM板研究模型,并采用有限元法,得到其冷却瞬态热应力场分布图形。位移边界条件对常物性2D-FGM平面区域冷却瞬态热应力分布影响颇大,在简支和一端固定情况下,2D-FGM板自由边界上的热应力σ_x=0;两端固定情况下,其左右两边界均形成上中下三个应力聚集,应力分布形状和数值都发生了巨大的变化;将四周均设置呈固定约束后,热应力数值增长幅度较两端固定情况时更为明显。此结果为该材料的设计、制备提供了准确的理论计算依据。     

The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work–life Conflict and Work Pressure in Ireland

Recent rapid economic growth in Ireland has been accompanied by a strong surge in the number of women in employment, and this has led to a significant increase in the proportion of dual‐earner families. These changes have brought the issue of reconciliation between work and care commitments to the fore. Flexible working arrangements in firms have been identified as one important means of balancing work and other commitments. In this article we investigate the relationship between four flexible working arrangements; flexitime, part‐time hours, working from home and job sharing, and two key employee outcomes; work pressure and work–life conflict, using data from the first national survey of employees in Ireland in 2003. Our results show that while part‐time work and flexitime tend to reduce work pressure and work–life conflict, working from home is associated with greater levels of both work pressure and work–life conflict. We conclude that it is important to distinguish between flexible working arrangements to discover their potential for reducing work pressure and work–life conflict.     

Different Effects of Acculturative Stress and Family Life Stress on Depressive Symptoms among Married Vietnamese Immigrant Women in South Korea

Married Vietnamese immigrant women often face multiple stressors related to sociocultural adaptation and new family lives in South Korea. The purpose of this paper is to identify the different influences of acculturative and family life stress on depressive symptoms among Vietnamese immigrant wives. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 301 married Vietnamese immigrant women residing in South Korea. The study utilized linear regression analysis to test the relationships between the variables. The findings show that both acculturative and family life stress are positively related to depressive symptoms. Family life stress influences depressive symptoms to a greater extent than acculturative stress. The study emphasizes the significance of family‐related stress on mental health among married Vietnamese immigrant women in Korea and provides some implications for research, clinical practice, and policy.     

Status inconsistency in groups: How discrepancies between instrumental and expressive status result in symptoms of stress

This study examines whether a mismatch between the positions that individuals hold in different status hierarchies results in symptoms of stress. Prior research has focused on inconsistencies between socioeconomic status dimensions (e.g., education and income) and did not find a significant relation between status inconsistency and stress. In this paper, we build on research on role differentiation and propose to study the effect of inconsistencies between instrumental status and expressive status in group contexts. We hypothesize that people with an inconsistency between these status dimensions experience feelings of uncertainty and frustration in their interactions with others and this manifests in stress-related symptoms. We test this hypothesis with data collected in a medium-sized Dutch childcare organization (N = 93). Polynomial regression analysis, visualized in response surface plots, suggests that status inconsistent employees report higher levels of stress.     

浅析大学生心理压力的现状与对策

以自编大学生心理压力调查问卷为工具,从大学生对自身心理压力的认知、大学生心理压力产生的根源、大学生心理压力缓解的途径、大学生对心理压力产生原因的认识、大学生对心理压力的归因等方面揭示大学生心理压力的现状,并提出相应的应对策略。