The Time Series and Cross‐Section Asymptotics of Dynamic Panel Data Estimators

In this paper we derive the asymptotic properties of within groups (WG), GMM, and LIML estimators for an autoregressive model with random effects when both T and N tend to infinity. GMM and LIML are consistent and asymptotically equivalent to the WG estimator. When T/N→ 0 the fixed T results for GMM and LIML remain valid, but WG, although consistent, has an asymptotic bias in its asymptotic distribution. When T/N tends to a positive constant, the WG, GMM, and LIML estimators exhibit negative asymptotic biases of order 1/T, 1/N, and 1/(2N−T), respectively. In addition, the crude GMM estimator that neglects the autocorrelation in first differenced errors is inconsistent as T/N→c>0, despite being consistent for fixed T. Finally, we discuss the properties of a random effects pseudo MLE with unrestricted initial conditions when both T and N tend to infinity.     

数字经济时代长江经济带高技术产业创新发展的科技金融支持研究

数字经济时代全球要素资源重组、全球竞争格局改变,科技金融与高技术创新产业之间的互动越来越明显。金融资本作为引导、支持创新的关键要素,在摆脱我国高技术产业链“低端锁定”的困境和高技术技术创新过程中发挥着重要作用,将金融资本更有针对性的对接高技术发展的产业阶段,有利于提升高技术产业升级和创新发展水平。基于长江经济带11省(市)面板数据,建立科技金融和高技术创新发展指数,运用关联分析方法分析科技金融与高技术产业创新发展的有序关系;构建Stata面板数据回归模型,分析长江经济带上、中、下游高技术产业在初创期、成长期、快速发展期的科技金融的支持作用。研究结果显示,长江经济带科技金融与高技术产业创新发展呈现同向增长,但上、中、下游的高技术产业对科技金融需求差异显著;长江经济带高技术产业创新发展对科技金融的需求呈现多样性,市场科技金融创新还未能满足长江经济带下游产业快速发展需求,技术资本化的渠道还需进一步拓宽,长江经济带上、中游高技术产业发展主要依赖公共科技金融的支持,市场科技金融支持不显著,需进一步发挥政府资金对社会资本的引导作用,加大科技金融工具创新,精准配置与施策,促进高技术产业健康快速发展。     

农村大龄未婚男性的代际经济支持研究

出生性别比持续偏高带来的女性缺失正日益加剧农村男性的婚姻挤压,而农村大龄男性不能结婚有可能对家庭养老功能产生重要影响。本文基于代际支持的投资回报理论,对2008年安徽乙县农村调查数据进行了定量分析。研究发现,儿子的婚姻状态与父母经济支持的获得有密切关系,投资回报理论能较好解释农村大龄未婚男性对父母经济支持较弱的现象;儿子的经济状况、父母的需求和父母对儿子的经济投资都会显著影响父母所获得的经济支持。研究有利于理解男性婚姻挤压对社会养老保障的影响,对及早制定有针对性的社会养老政策具有重要意义。     

三峡库区产业发展与移民后期扶持研究

本文以重庆市万州区为主要研究对象。研究的重点是三峡库区产业发展与移民后期扶持的对策,目的是为三峡库区产业发展与移民后期扶持工作提供决策参考。     

价格支持政策对大豆全要素生产率的影响机制分析

在超效率DEA模型测算价格支持政策时期大豆TFP的基础上,使用DID模型分析价格支持政策对大豆TFP的净效应及其影响路径。结果表明：价格支持政策的实施抑制了大豆TFP的有效提升,但存在结构性差异,市场化改革有助于改善大豆TFP;价格支持政策对大豆TFP产生的抑制作用持续性并不强;价格支持政策形成“消极生产率效应”的作用路径是其未带来有效的收益激励,财富水平和市场扭曲抑制了豆农改善生产要素配置状况的积极性。考虑到短期内无法缩小同玉米单产差距的实际,大豆生产者补贴政策若不能给予农户稳定的收益预期,则对改善TFP的作用不应过高估计。为此,在大豆生产者补贴政策调整和修正的过程中应加强系统的战略设计,由单一化的补贴激励转向多元化的政策支持。     

Beyond survival: Strengthening community-based support for parents receiving a family service intervention

This paper presents parents' experiences of community support and their recommendations for how their communities, and the services within them, might support their families. Generated through a human-centred design methodology and using a desire-centred framework, the findings suggest that parents receiving a family service require support invoking feelings of intimacy, trust, reciprocity, inclusivity, connection and belonging. Parents' recommendations for community support include addressing material and attitudinal constraints impacting on engagement with services; creating non-judgmental services tailored to their needs but accessed as a last resort; and creating peer-based opportunities to support each other. Parents reflect that moving beyond basic survival of risk and vulnerability to a position where thriving is possible requires purposeful integration of parent's existing and desired community into service interventions. Facilitating deliberate change at the intersection of community and service support is pertinent to current and future social work policy and practice. Wider opportunities for understanding and enabling the needs and aspirations of parents, which are often overlooked because of a focus on addressing risk and vulnerability, are considered.     

Conceptualizing maternal and paternal autonomy support and control among adolescents in Hong Kong

This study examined how parental autonomy support and control are conceptualized by adolescents in Hong Kong (Grades 7–11) using the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale. Competitive models were evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses. Although the 6-factor model demonstrated the best fit, further analyses indicated that a second-order structure was more appropriate. Provision of choice, acknowledgment of child's feelings, rationale for rules, and demands subsumed under autonomy support. Guilt-inducing criticisms and the use of threats subsumed under control. Performance pressure emerged as a first-order construct on its own. Measurement invariance was evident across adolescent gender and age. All subscales had adequate to strong reliability. Discriminate validity was evident. Findings offer insights into the conceptualization of autonomy support and control in Hong Kong.     

Smoking cessation care during pregnancy: A qualitative exploration of midwives’ challenging role

ProblemThe majority of South Australian pregnant women who smoke do not quit during pregnancy. Additionally, the prevalence of smoking is higher among pregnant women living in socially disadvantaged areas.BackgroundUnderstanding challenges in midwives’ provision of smoking cessation care can elucidate opportunities to facilitate women’s smoking cessation.AimWe aimed to understand midwives’ perspectives on current practices, perceived barriers and facilitators to delivery of smoking cessation care, and potential improvements to models of smoking cessation care.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative research methodology and thematic analysis was used to understand the perspectives of midwives in five focus groups.FindingsFour themes were generated from the data on how midwives perceived their ability to provide smoking cessation care: Tensions between providing smoking cessation care and maternal care; Organisational barriers in the delivery of smoking cessation care; Scepticism and doubt in the provision of smoking cessation care; and Opportunities to enable midwives’ ability to provide smoking cessation care.DiscussionA combination of interpersonal, organisational and individual barriers impeded on midwives’ capacities to approach, follow-up and prioritise smoking cessation care. Working with women living with disadvantage and high rates of smoking, the midwife’s role was challenging as it balanced delivering smoking cessation care without jeopardising antenatal care.ConclusionProviding midwives with resources and skills may alleviate the sense of futility that surrounds smoking cessation care. Provision of routine training and education could also improve understandings of the current practice guidelines.     

Managing ‘Spoiled Identities’: Parents’ Experiences of Compulsory Parenting Support Programmes

While recent years have seen a rapid growth of research exploring the usefulness of parenting support programmes, no empirical research to date has specifically explored experiences of compulsory parenting support. The present study examines the narrative accounts of 17 parents who, through a Parenting Order, were made to participate in such programmes. Findings suggest that the particular nature of court‐sanctioning, and the ‘spoiled identity’ it produces, shapes how parents subsequently experience their parenting support. It concludes that government rhetoric should not use findings from voluntary attendance to support extending the use of compulsory parenting support programmes.     

先秦儒家思想:弱势群体伦理关怀的历史钩沉与现实关照

任何时代任何社会都存在着弱势群体,弱势群体是由于某些障碍及缺乏经济、政治和社会机会而在社会上处于不利地位的人群。要切实解决弱势群体问题,必须树立伦理关怀理念并贯彻到具体行动中。伦理关怀就是从伦理的角度对人的生存状况的关注,对人的尊严和符合人性的生活条件的肯定。先秦儒家的伦理关怀思想体现为:"孝"的思想是对人伦关系的肯定;"忠恕之道"、"恻隐之心"是对他人人格尊严的尊重;"生生大德"的仁政思想是对生命的尊重。弱势群体问题的现实关照主要应从以下方面着手:孝敬老人、善待老人;体恤弱者、真诚扶助;制度保障、政策关照。