专家系统驱动的技治主义运动式治理——基于F市创建禁毒示范城市的转译社会学解释

地方政府的治理创新正在出现一种新的趋势：在“稳中求进”的政治考虑下,结合技术治理与运动式治理以实现特定的目标。借鉴拉图尔转译社会学理论,对F市“创城”过程中专家系统的转译行为进行研究发现,转译行动的实施赋予了专家系统行动者的身份,由此编织起的行动者网络能够实现治理资源的流动并促进治理效能的提升,从而形成技治主义运动式治理。作为技治主义运动式治理范式的“创城”是在转译行动建构下的内部转型与外部适配的过程。此种寓技术治理于运动式治理的范式并非简单的要素叠加,而是受到了专家系统的行动建构,将技术与政治进行了结构性整合,以使其匹配现阶段社会治理的总体目标。现实的合理性与治理的有效性是采取这一模式的根本原因。     

中立型时滞大系统的关联稳定性

对一类中立型时滞大系统,引进了互联矩阵、关联稳定、渐进关联稳定、指数关联稳定等概念,在此之下,利用参数变易法研究此类中立型时滞大系统在结构扰动下的稳定性,获得了一个简单的指数关联稳定性的代数判定准则。     

张闻天农业合作化思想及其贡献

张闻天根据当时东北农村实际和农民的觉悟程度,认为农业合作化必须分三步走;在坚持互助合作的同时,允许新富农经济在一定限度内的存在和发展;主张发展副业来提高农民生活水平和解决农村剩余劳动力出路问题。这些思想对新民主主义经济建设理论的丰富和完善作出了重大贡献。     

Design and analysis of variable fidelity experimentation applied to engine valve heat treatment process design

Summary.  When experimentation on a real system is expensive, data are often collected by using cheaper, lower fidelity surrogate systems. The paper concerns response surface methods in the context of variable fidelity experimentation. We propose the use of generalized least squares to generate the predictions. We also present perhaps the first optimal designs for variable fidelity experimentation, using an extension of the expected integrated mean-squared error criterion. Numerical tests are used to compare the performance of the method with alternatives and to investigate the robustness to incorporated assumptions. The method is applied to automotive engine valve heat treatment process design in which real world data were mixed with data from two types of computer simulation.     

Co-creative Leadership: An Integrated Approach towards Transformational Leadership

The classical understanding of team leadership is extremely difficult to sustain in times when complexity and dynamics have risen to such high levels that very few individuals can assimilate them. The success of team leadership requires the ``participation of those already implicated'' in the development and implementation of a solution – and therefore in the leadership process. How can this be achieved practically? It requires a leadership approach that allows each relevant perspective to be included, in a practical way, in the development of a common position, which can then be implemented collectively. Co-creative leadership creates this possibility – a transformational leadership approach that allows an organisation as a whole to adapt to its environment.     

Studying Individual and Family Development: Linking Theory and Research

The predominant theoretical orientation of the majority of scientists studying human behavioral development and family functioning is derived from systems models. These theories are dynamic in their conceptualization and emphasize process and context. To a large extent, the analytic strategies we employ are not consistent with our theoretical assumptions. Analytic methods that focus on moderating and mediating processes rather than main effects, on within‐group variability and the sources of that variability, and on the identification of interrelated patterns of change in individuals, families, and environments are needed for our research results to mirror the complexity of our theories.     

中日家族企业伦理动因差异之辨析

相同文化背景所蕴含的伦理动因(亦即“同质的伦理动因”)在对家族企业发展的作用中也存在着差异,尤以同处儒家家族主义文化背景下的中日家族企业在其伦理动因上的差异最为明显。而这个差异主要又是基于中日家族制度存在的区别和对儒家家族主义的不同解读所造成,使其儒家家族主义在作为中日家族企业的伦理动因上,表现出不同的情形。在中国是以“孝为核心的家族伦理”为特征,在日本是以“忠为核心的家族伦理”为特征,从而对两国的家族企业繁衍带来不同的影响,前者往往“长不大”或“富不过三”,后者往往则反之。通过对中日家族企业伦理动因差异之辨析,有助于我们对此现象的认识。     

线性奇异系统的最优极点配置

讨论了线性奇异系统在满足闭环极点要求的同时使系统最优的问题．在系统是正则束及能稳和能检测的前提下，给出了多输入多输出系统最优极点配置满足的条件及算法．     

On the Limitations of Redundancies in the Improvement of System Reliability

Some program managers share a common belief that adding a redundant component to a system reduces the probability of failure by half. This is true only if the failures of the redundant components are independent events, which is rarely the case. For example, the redundant components may be subjected to the same external loads. There is, however, in general a decrease in the failure probability of the system. Nonetheless, the redundant element comes at a cost, even if it is less than that of developing the first one when both are based on the same design. Identical parts save the most in terms of design costs, but are subjected to common failure modes from possible design errors that limit the effectiveness of the redundancy. In the development of critical systems, managers thus need to decide if the costs of a parallel system are justified by the increase in the system's reliability. NASA, for example, has used redundant spacecraft to increase the chances of mission success, which worked well in the cases of the Viking and Voyager missions. These two successes, however, do not guarantee future ones. We present here a risk analysis framework accounting for dependencies to support the decision to launch at the same time a twin mission of identical spacecraft, given incremental costs and risk-reduction benefits of the second one. We illustrate this analytical approach with the case of the Mars Exploration Rovers launched by NASA in 2003, for which we had performed this assessment in 2001.     

生态环境治理的第三种主体:社区

生态环境的公共产品性质决定了其享用者和维护者的不统一性,哈丁的“公地灾难”假设将私人和政府确定为环境治理主体。事实上,社区相对于政府具有较高的激励强度,相对于私人主体具有明显的产权划分成本优势。只要采用一定措施促进社区合作,社区将是最佳的环境治理主体。