国家创新体系研究评介及启示

在探讨了国家创新体系的来源、定义及相关概念的基础上,总结了目前有关国家创新体系研究的4个主要方向:国家创新体系特征横向比较研究;绩效比较模型研究;创新体系纵向比较研究以及非工业发达国家创新体系研究。然后,结合我国实践,指出建设和完善我国国家创新体系的2个维度,即明确国家创新体系内部组成的职责定位,并提高政府、企业、高校和科研机构之间的系统合作性,以及在加大各层级创新体系构建力度的基础上与国家创新体系实现纵向一体化。     

Intimate relationships and changing patterns of money management at the beginning of the twenty-first century

Drawing on British data from two annual sweeps of the ISSP eight years apart in 1994 and 2002, for modules focusing on 'Family and Changing Gender Roles', this paper examines the extent to which changes in women's labour market participation, changing ideologies/discourses of gender and changing forms of intimate relationships are affecting the ways in which couples organize household money, and the implications of such changes for recent theories of intimate relationships. The analysis indicates that by 2002, the type of relationship respondents had established, together with their social class position, were both independently related to the ways in which they managed money, after controlling for socio-economic and cultural or discursive factors. Our findings also provide a degree of support for the thesis of a partial decline in the male breadwinner model of gender, as indicated by small declines in the use of the relatively inegalitarian female whole wage and housekeeping allowance systems which were most likely to be used by married couples and cohabiting fathers, expressing relatively traditional ideologies/discourses of breadwinning - and a slight increase in the use of the partial pool, which was most likely to be used by childless cohabiting couples in which male partners expressed less traditional ideologies of breadwinning and women were in middle-class jobs with incomes high enough to facilitate partially separate finances. We also suggest, however, that in so far as cohabiting couples earning different amounts define equality as contributing equally to household expenditure, it is possible that rather than being associated with shifts to greater equality in access to money for personal spending and saving, the partial pool may be associated with marked inequalities, because it may enable gender inequalities generated in the labour market to be more directly transposed into inequalities within households, despite the decline of traditional discourses of male breadwinning and the increasing importance of egalitarian ideologies of co-provisioning.     

A decision support methodology for strategic planning in maritime transportation

This paper presents a decision support methodology for strategic planning in tramp and industrial shipping. The proposed methodology combines simulation and optimization, where a Monte Carlo simulation framework is built around an optimization-based decision support system for short-term routing and scheduling. The simulation proceeds by considering a series of short-term routing and scheduling problems using a rolling horizon principle where information is revealed as time goes by. The approach is flexible in the sense that it can easily be configured to provide decision support for a wide range of strategic planning problems, such as fleet size and mix problems, analysis of long-term contracts and contract terms. The methodology is tested on a real case for a major Norwegian shipping company. The methodology provided valuable decision support on important strategic planning problems for the shipping company.     

产学研协同培养卓越工程人才的探索与实践--以合肥工业大学为例

文章探讨了合肥工业大学在“英才计划”下实施科教融合、学研协同培养复合型卓越工程人才,以及在“卓越计划”下进行产学合作、校企协同培养应用型卓越工程人才的改革实践,认为其从组织与经费、培养方案、基地与平台、师资队伍、管理制度等方面均采取了一系列有效措施,确实保障了这一改革实践得以顺利实施。实践证明,合肥工业大学在培养复合型、应用型工程创新人才方面取得了明显成效。     

我国的法律部门体系与经济法

现代法律体系的宏观结构由公法、私法和社会法三大要素构成。我国现行法律部门体系还有许多不足 ,必须在宪法基础上进一步完善民商法、行政法 ,特别是要突出经济法的地位。     

论元杂剧的复仇精神

中国古代,允许无辜被害者的家属向加害者寻仇的法律制度,从春秋时期一直延续到元代,仍然被写进法律文本。它是元杂剧复仇精神的源头。元杂剧体现了传统文化背景下顽强的复仇理念。在复仇遇到阻碍时,为了达到复仇的目的往往借助清官侠客乃至鬼神     

论家事纠纷诉讼与 非诉讼协同解决机制的构建

近年来我国家事纠纷数量逐年递增,传统的家事诉讼解决机制已经不能满足司法实践的需要,家事纠纷的非诉讼解决机制因其独特的功能作用,已成为学术界探讨的热点问题。考察世界上其他国家和地区的成熟经验可以发现,对家事诉讼特殊程序机制的构建和对非诉讼解决机制的培育利用是同步进行、协同发展的。结合我国国情,应当立足于家事纠纷的固有特质,一方面通过专门立法解决家事诉讼程序理念不适应实践发展的问题,另一方面要借鉴域外经验合理培育若干种家事非诉讼解决机制,并做好二者之间的有机协同。     

Applications of schur theory to reliability inference for k of n systems

The results of Hoeffding (1956), Pledger and Proschan (1971), Gleser (1975) and Boland and Proschan (1983) are used to obtain Buehler (1957) 1-α lower confidence limits for the reliability of k of n systems of independent components when the subsystem data have equal sample sizes and the observed failures satisfy certain conditions. To the best of our knowledge, for k ≠ 1 or n, this is the first time the exact optimal lower confidence limits for system reliability have been given. The observed failure vectors are a generalization of key test results for k of n systems, k ≠ n (Soms (1984) and Winterbottom (1974)). Two examples applying the above theory are also given.     

Reliability estimation based on ranked set sampling

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating the reliability of an exponential component based on a Ranked Set Sample (RSS) of size n. Given the first r observations of that sample, 1≤r≤n, we construct an unbiased estimator for this reliability and we show that these n unbiased estimators are the only ones in a certain class of estimators. The variances of some of these estimators are compared. By viewing the observations of the RSS of size n as the lifetimes of n independent k-out-of-n systems, 1≤k≤n, we are able to utilize known properties of these systems in conjunction with the powerful tools of majorization and Schur functions to derive our results.