Why good practice of OR is not enough—Ethical challenges for the OR practitioner

This paper develops the idea that following rules of good OR practice is necessary, but not sufficient for ethical OR. Several challenges of introducing ethical aspects into OR are discussed, evidencing difficulties and ambiguities in the relationship to be established between the OR practitioner and his/her clients, decision-makers or stakeholders. It shows that neither analysis nor modelling work nor the choice of analytical tools is entirely ethically neutral; incomparability, incommensurability and incertitude must be dealt with. The purpose of this article is to detail several difficulties or dilemmas an OR practitioner may be confronted with in the course of his or her assignment. In such situations, following rules of good practice may not be sufficient to indicate how to act in a morally good way. This paper aims at stimulating reflection by structuring the debate; it may leave the reader unsettled—unsettlement being a result and even aim of many discussions in moral philosophy.     

Pool‐Point Distribution of Zero‐Inventory Products

We study zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery. The zero‐inventory production and distribution paradigm is supported in a variety of industries in which a product cannot be inventoried because of its short shelf life. The advantages of pool‐point (or hub‐and‐spoke) distribution, explored extensively in the literature, include the efficient use of transportation resources and effective day‐to‐day management of operations. The setting of our analysis is as follows: A production facility (plant) with a finite production rate distributes its single product, which cannot be inventoried, to several pool points. Each pool point may require multiple truckloads to satisfy its customers' demand. A third‐party logistics provider then transports the product to individual customers surrounding each pool point. The production rate can be increased up to a certain limit by incurring additional cost. The delivery of the product is done by identical trucks, each having limited capacity and non‐negligible traveling time between the plant and the pool points. Our objective is to coordinate the production and transportation operations so that the total cost of production and distribution is minimized, while respecting the product lifetime and the delivery capacity constraints. This study attempts to develop intuition into zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery by considering several variants of the above setting. These include multiple trucks, a modifiable production rate, and alternative objectives. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and computational experiments, we gain insights into optimizing the total cost of a production‐delivery plan by understanding the trade‐off between production and transportation.     

职业性语篇的人际功能研究

以系统功能语法中的人际功能和评价理论为视角,剖析职业性语篇中的人际功能实质为说话者与受话者之间接触交流的"礼"性构建。以Hotel Matters中11篇对话为实证研究案例,揭示了职业性语篇实现人际意义的语言手段。研究发现:人称代词与时态的选用体现了互动,情态词的选择是为了说服,模糊限制语用于评价(说服),语篇层面旨在交互。     

儒家法律思想对构建和谐社会的启示

儒家法律思想以"礼治、德治、人治"的主张贯穿于中国法律文化思想的整个过程中,不但影响了中国社会文化生活领域,更深刻地体现于法律制度当中。在推进和完善法制建设的过程中,对儒家法律思想,要认真研习,取其精华,去其糟粕,使之成为我国法制建设中不可或缺的参考和借鉴。     

EMDR、适应性信息加工与个案概念化(下)

EMDR是一个整合性的、以咨客为中心的心理治疗方法。该方法用于治疗那些不是由器质性损伤为病理学基础的心理问题,它的治疗重点是处理大脑的信息加工系统中的痛苦记忆。EMDR既能处理那些引起困扰的经历和体验,也能帮助咨客获得达到更健康的心理状态所需要的经历和体验。综览EMDR的历史、发展和研究,它是一个主要以经验为支持的治疗方法。本文在阐述适应性信息加工模型之后,用一个延续的个案实例,来说明EMDR的个案概念化和8个阶段的治疗。EMDR技术主要是加工那些有病理学基础的早期记忆和引发不良功能的当前情境,并为未来适应性的行为提供模板,包括克服技能不足和(或)发展性的不足所需的知识与行为。整合的EMDR与家庭系统观点的好处是可以提供最综合的治疗效果。     

国际能源合作与中国石油储备的法律对策

经济的快速发展,使得建立石油储备成为必然的选择。在国际能源合作中,中国的石油储备法律处于起步阶段。而法国、美国和德国已经走上了一条石油储备的国内立法为主,重视国际合作的道路。在分析了国内法律建设和国际能源合作各自所具有的重要作用的前提下,提出了中国应以建立石油储备国内法律体系为基础,确立适合国情的石油储备模式,积极参与国际能源多边合作机制的法律对策。     

供应链环境下龙头企业共生合作行为选择的影响因素分析——基于105个龙头企业安全农产品生产的实证研究

本文运用我国东、中、西部6个省(市)105个企业的调查数据,对供应链环境下企业共生合作行为选择的影响因素进行了计量经济分析。研究结果表明,企业与农户的互动程度与依赖程度、利益分配方式、安全农产品生产能力、安全农产品生产意识、企业实力、合作伙伴特质、安全农产品生产环境等七大因素对企业的共生合作行为有显著的正面影响,安全农产品经济效益对企业的共生合作行为有一定的正面影响,但不显著。最后,从企业、政府角度提出相关政策建议。     

我国慈善事业的困境及其转型

我国的慈善事业存在捐赠额占GDP比例小、民众积极性偏低、政府运作色彩浓厚、慈善机构社会公信力较低等问题,这是慈善文化困境的一种反映。当前,我国慈善价值观面临如何正确对待个人美德与社会责任、施予与尊重、施善与回报、志愿性与强迫性的二元悖论。应推动慈善文化转型,构建＂以人为本＂的慈善文化,包括确立和谐社会观、社会责任观、现代财富观,并建立相应的慈善制度。     

基于产业集群视角的区域创新发展战略研究

产业集群是区域创新体系的重要载体,积极培育和推进地方产业集群是赢得区域竞争优势、获得跨越式发展的关键。文章从相关概念入手,论述了发展产业集群是区域创新的可行途径,并进一步提出了基于产业集群的区域创新发展战略。     

闽台农产品质量安全体系比较研究

台湾农产品质量安全体系构建起步早,并逐步形成体系相对独立、功能互为补充、并行推动管理的4大认证产品,及其配套标准体系、管理体系和法律法规体系。福建则以农业"三品"为重点,并逐步推行农产品可追溯制度。比较闽台农产品质量安全标准、认证机构、管理机构和认证体系的发展特点,福建应重视对台湾认证标准的研究、消化和借鉴,规范认证机构管理并提高公信力,推进两岸安全管理机构合作,逐步与国际通用认证方式接轨。