基于产业集群视角的区域创新发展战略研究

产业集群是区域创新体系的重要载体,积极培育和推进地方产业集群是赢得区域竞争优势、获得跨越式发展的关键。文章从相关概念入手,论述了发展产业集群是区域创新的可行途径,并进一步提出了基于产业集群的区域创新发展战略。     

闽台农产品质量安全体系比较研究

台湾农产品质量安全体系构建起步早,并逐步形成体系相对独立、功能互为补充、并行推动管理的4大认证产品,及其配套标准体系、管理体系和法律法规体系。福建则以农业"三品"为重点,并逐步推行农产品可追溯制度。比较闽台农产品质量安全标准、认证机构、管理机构和认证体系的发展特点,福建应重视对台湾认证标准的研究、消化和借鉴,规范认证机构管理并提高公信力,推进两岸安全管理机构合作,逐步与国际通用认证方式接轨。     

重新认识和正确处理当代中国社会的利益冲突

进入新时期以后,我国思想理论界出现了一种倾向:忽视对社会矛盾、群体冲突及其解决理论和方法的研究。冲突是社会系统的普遍性特征。对于冲突的根源有四种解说:人类天性说、社会差异说、互动关系说、不平等说。冲突既具有积极的正功能,又具有消极的负功能。当代中国已进入利益博弈的时代,利益冲突已成为社会常态。正确处理当代中国社会的矛盾和冲突的关键点是构建减化矛盾和冲突的制度和机制,其中包括权利平等的制度、公平竞争的机制、公平分配的制度、开放的社会流动机制、利益表达和参与的制度、协商与合作的制度、社会保障制度等。     

可持续发展系统视角下煤炭工业评价指标体系

在对可持续发展系统进行辩证法分析的基础上,探讨了可持续发展系统观指导下煤炭工业评价体系的构成和机理,以此来促进煤炭工业的健康发展。     

Characterizing performance in socio-technical systems: A modeling framework in the domain of nuclear power

In modeling complex socio-technical systems, the critical nature of many interactions between human and automation are often unrecognized until the system experiences catastrophic consequences. One reason for this is that the systems are generally very robust and serious problems are rare. Another reason is the difficulty in modeling the variety of interactions in a manner compatible with analytical and/or computational models of the technological components of the system. Organizational issues and extraneous influences add to these modeling difficulties. We have developed a modeling framework that integrates certain ideas from social networks, graph theory, and simulation, all tied together using heuristics that reflect deep domain knowledge. This framework forms the basis for a computational implementation, portions of which have been implemented. Details of the model and the rationale for the model structure are described in this paper.     

Route‐Independent Analysis of Available Capacity in Flexible Manufacturing Systems

In a job shop, because of large setup times, each operation is assigned to only one machine. There is no alternative routing. In a flexible manufacturing system, each manufacturing operation can often be performed on several machines. Therefore, with automated equipment, the capacity of a machine to perform certain operations is not independent of the capacity of other machines. Often, however, operations managers can use a route‐independent answer to production planning questions. For example, how much can be produced of a certain part type and when are important capacity questions in business negotiations, when the detailed routing and scheduling are not yet of interest or cannot be known. This paper provides a mathematical model for the route‐independent analysis of the capacity of flexible manufacturing systems based on a concept of operation types. An example is provided both to illustrate the use of operation types and to highlight the differences between the traditional route‐dependent and the proposed route‐independent formulations of capacity constraints. Some computational results are also given. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is developed to analyze the feasibility of production plans when production requirements and machine capacities can change.     

企业价值链上协同知识创新的动态决策模型

针对企业价值链上协同知识创新的决策问题,以制造企业为价值链上主导企业,考虑由价值链上主导企业(大方型、小气型)与价值链上合作企业(目光长远型、目光短浅型)所交叉形成的四种不同情况,运用微分博弈分析了它们进行价值链协同知识创新的动态决策过程.通过对比四种不同情况下价值链上协同知识创新的决策结果,得出了一种帕累托最优的价值链上协同知识创新的情况,并分析了其成立的相应条件,同时提出了促成这种帕累托最优价值链协同知识创新情况实现的建议.最后,通过算例分析验证了理论推导的结果.     

Hitting the target without missing the point: New Zealand’s immunisation health target for two year olds

ABSTRACT

The use of health targets as a form of performance measurement has become more prominent internationally as governments have sought to control public expenditure, produce greater efficiency and improve accountability. However, health targets have faced criticism for their potential to produce negative outcomes within a health system. This paper examines how a health target was used as a policy instrument within the New Zealand health system to improve immunisation coverage at two years of age. It explores how the immunisation health target was implemented within four case study sites and discusses the effectiveness of the health target as a policy instrument for improving immunisation coverage and addressing persistent immunisation inequities. Measuring and monitoring performance towards the immunisation health target improved accountability for immunisation coverage within the New Zealand health system and focused attention on improving immunisation coverage in a way that previous policy attempts had failed to do. Health targets may be an effective policy instrument for creating change within specific areas of a health system if their potential for dysfunctional consequences are taken into consideration at the outset.     

基于失效情景的应急设施选址评估指标体系与模型

突发事件具有巨大的破坏性、不确定性,应急设施有可能失效,本文研究基于失效情景的应急设施选址评估指标体系与评估模型。首先基于定义的失效情景研究应急设施选址评估指标。构建全局性、可靠性、时效性、均衡性、经济性评估指标。可靠性作为重要评估指标有助于提高应急设施对需求区域的物资保障程度,保证系统的稳定性,采用多重覆盖率刻画。然后,设计具有不同侧重评估目标的一般情景评估指标体系、设施失效情景评估指标体系以及多区域情景评估指标体系。最后,由于应急设施选址评估具有多影响因素特征,涉及输入和输出多个指标的测度,选取处理多输入\多输出问题具有优势的评估方法—数据包络法,对应急设施选址的合理性进行评估。实例验证评估指标体系的实用性和有效性。