我国未成年人犯缓刑制度的改革与完善

我国没有专门的未成年人犯缓刑制度和缓刑考察机构 ,缓刑在教育、改造未成年人犯上的积极作用没有得到充分发挥 ,以致我国对未成年人犯适用缓刑的比例远低于西方国家。为充分发挥缓刑在教育、改造未成年人犯上的积极作用 ,有必要借鉴国外经验 ,改革和完善我国的未成年人犯缓刑制度。未成年人犯缓刑制度应包括未成年人犯缓刑适用标准、未成年人犯缓刑考察机构和考察制度等。制定专门的比成年犯更宽缓的未成年人犯缓刑适用标准 ,对未成年人犯适用缓刑的条件作出明确、具体和较强操作性的规定。     

浅评中国历史上有影响的两次少数民族改革

北魏拓跋氏改革和元世祖忽必烈改革是中国历史上有影响的两次少数民族改革,其改革的背景、内容和意义等诸多方面都不同于汉族统治阶级的改革和变法。少数民族由于自身发展的特殊性,其历史上的民族改革也有突出的少数民族特色。     

现代企业制度的建立与高校科技产业的健康发展

发展高校科技产业必须引进现代企业制度。做法是 ,对现有企业进行股份制改造。改造后 ,企业的产权清晰、法人治理结构完善 ;经营者的积极性被调动起来、投资人的权益得到保障 ;企业成长快速使融资发展的空间更大。     

BSE as an organizational construction: a case study on the globalization of risk

This article examines the BSE problem as an example of the 'globalization of risk'. In order to determine whether the 'globalization of risk' is a social construction depending on the context, the paper emphasizes the particular role of organizations. It makes an empirical comparison of the BSE-related risk-constructions of five business associations in the German meat industry sector. The results show that the associations construct the risk in close relation to their horizons of globalization, thereby reflecting provision problems, which the companies they are representing face. While the main organizational domains in the sector tried to cope with the risk problem by different means of local market 'closure', one association, founded in reaction to the BSE problem, took over a 'reflexive' role with regard to the emerging risk communication on BSE in Germany.     

一国两制下区际法律冲突的解决

随着香港、澳门的相继回归,大陆同台湾之间关系的逐步正常化,两岸四地之间的民商事交往的日益频繁,中国出现了"一国两制四法域"的局面,区际法律冲突问题日渐显得重要,本文拟从区际法律冲突的基本理论着手,吸取中国历史上解决区际法律冲突的教训并借鉴其他国家解决区际法律冲突的经验,结合我国目前的形势特点,对我国的区际法律冲突的解决提出若干看法.     

北京奥运会法制危机及其消解

中国成功申办2008年奥运会,给国人带来惊喜的同时也开始对包括体育纠纷救济机制在内的“体育法治”进行清醒的反思。由于奥运会过分依赖国际体育仲裁院的纠纷救济机制,国际奥委会甚至将国际体育仲裁院指定为唯一的体育性纠纷解决机构。这种制度安排必然与中国包括《仲裁法》在内的立法所营造的纠纷救济体制造成冲击。如何协调中国立法与奥运会解纷机制中的仲裁合意性、体育纠纷的可仲裁性、临时措施和保全措施、仲裁裁决国籍以及仲裁裁决的承认与执行等问题,是2008年北京奥运会面临的,也是必须依法消解的法制危机。     

Robust Bayesian bonus-malus premiums under the conditional specification model

The conditional specification technique introduced by Arnold et al. (Conditional specification of statistical models. Springer series in statistics. Springer, New York, 1999) was used in Sarabia et al. (Astin Bull 34(1):85–98, 2004) to obtain bonus-malus premiums. The Poisson distribution for which the parameter is a function of the classical structure parameter was used and a new class of prior distributions appeared in a natural way. This model contains, as a particular case, the classical compound Poisson model. In the present paper, the Bayesian robustness of this new model is examined and found to be much more robust than in the classical model in Gómez et al. (Insur Math Econ 31:105–113, 2002). For the present study, the moment conditions on the prior distribution are required. Examples, with real data, are given to illustrate our ideas under the net and exponential premium principles.     

浙江省现代畜牧业发展水平的基本判断及综合评价

在现代畜牧业基本内涵及相关概念辨析的基础上,以浙江省为例,从生产养殖、经营管理、保护与防疫、科技教育以及效益水平五个方面提出了浙江省现代畜牧业发展水平的评价指标体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定了各项指标的权重,对几个国家、国内几个地区的现代畜牧业发展进行了实证对比,在此基础上,指出提升浙江省现代畜牧业发展水平的方向。     

System Effects on Educational Achievement: A British–American Comparison

Societal variations in the organization of educational institutions are thought to affect the distribution of students into levels of educational achievement. This paper analyzes the diverging achievements of British and American cohorts as they pass through secondary and post-secondary education. The ways students' locations in the systems' structures deflect their achievements are charted, and the cumulative effects of those deflections between the ages of 16 and 28 are estimated. Despite the more stratified and standardized organization of the British educational system, and despite its sharper differentiation between academic and vocational credentials, the cumulative deflections during these years are greater in the United States. Explaining this outcome requires an understanding of both organizational and normative differences between the two systems.     

Deterministic approximate inference techniques for conditionally Gaussian state space models

We describe a novel deterministic approximate inference technique for conditionally Gaussian state space models, i.e. state space models where the latent state consists of both multinomial and Gaussian distributed variables. The method can be interpreted as a smoothing pass and iteration scheme symmetric to an assumed density filter. It improves upon previously proposed smoothing passes by not making more approximations than implied by the projection onto the chosen parametric form, the assumed density. Experimental results show that the novel scheme outperforms these alternative deterministic smoothing passes. Comparisons with sampling methods suggest that the performance does not degrade with longer sequences.