我国行政执法中公民参与的现状及其完善

公民参与行政过程是现代民主行政学公正行政的基本要求和具体体现,是保护公民合法权益的有效途径。我国行政执法中公民参与的现状不容乐观。政府摒弃特权思想,公民提高参与意识,加强相关立法,健全参与机制,完善法律责任和救济措施,是推动行政参与制度发展的有效途径。     

脑心通胶囊对急性冠脉综合征患者纤溶活性及内皮功能的影响

目的 探讨脑心通胶囊对急性冠脉综合征患者纤溶活性及内皮功能的影响.方法 随机分组,脑心通治疗组31例和对照组30例,ELISA测定急性冠脉综合征患者血浆vWF水平,用发色底物法测定血浆t-PA和PAI-Ⅰ的活性.结果 患者应用脑心通前后血浆vWF和PAI-Ⅰ水平显著降低,而t-PA活性则显著增加,与对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 脑心通胶囊可以改善急性冠脉综合征患者纤溶活性及内皮功能.     

当前我国耻感缺失现象及原因分析

当前社会伦理道德中耻感缺失严重,表现荣辱观念界线模糊,不以耻为耻,以不该耻者为耻,不知无耻为最大耻,对无耻的麻木和追随,分别体现在政治领域、经济领域、文化领域和社会生活领域中。深入探究主观原因有二:价值观多元化,道德意识淡薄化。客观原因有四:传统伦理丧失主体地位;道德教育的失误;社会机制的不完善;经济不发达等。     

A generalized estimating equation approach to modelling incompatible data formats with covariate measurement error: application to human immunodeficiency virus immune markers

The integration of technological advances into research studies often raises an issue of incompatibility of data. This problem is common to longitudinal and multicentre studies, taking the form of changes in the definitions, acquisition of data or measuring instruments of some study variables. In our case of studying the relationship between a marker of immune response to human immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection status, using data from the Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study, changes in the manufactured tests used for both variables occurred throughout the study, resulting in data with different manufactured scales. In addition, the latent nature of the immune response of interest necessitated a further consideration of a measurement error component. We address the general issue of incompatibility of data, together with the issue of covariate measurement error, in a unified, generalized linear model setting with inferences based on the generalized estimating equation framework. General conditions are constructed to ensure consistent estimates and their variances for the primary model of interest, with the asymptotic behaviour of resulting estimates examined under a variety of modelling scenarios. The approach is illustrated by modelling a repeated ordinal response with incompatible formats, as a function of a covariate with incompatible formats and measurement error, based on the Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study data.     

普通话水平测试中声韵调错误和缺陷的分析

根据对娄底师专学生的随机调查 ,分析了普通话水平测试中声韵调错误和缺陷的表现和原因。     

Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on progression of human immunodeficiency virus: Bayesian modelling and model checking via counterfactual replicates

Summary.  We analyse data from a seroincident cohort of 457 homosexual men who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, followed within the multicentre Italian Seroconversion Study. These data include onset times to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), longitudinal measurements of CD4⁺ T-cell counts taken on each subject during the AIDS-free period of observation and the period of administration of a highly active antiretro- viral therapy (HAART), for the subset of individuals who received it. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of HAART on the course of the disease. We analyse the data by a Bayesian model in which the sequence of longitudinal CD4⁺ cell count observations and the associated time to AIDS are jointly modelled at an individual subject's level as depending on the treatment. We discuss the inferences obtained about the efficacy of HAART, as well as modelling and computation difficulties that were encountered in the analysis. These latter motivate a model criticism stage of the analysis, in which the model specification of CD4⁺ cell count progression and of the effect of treatment are checked. Our approach to model criticism is based on the notion of a counterfactual replicate data set Z ^c . This is a data set with the same shape and size as the observed data, which we might have observed by rerunning the study in exactly the same conditions as the actual study if the treated patients had not been treated at all. We draw samples of Z ^c from a null model M ₀, which assumes absence of treatment effect, conditioning on data collected in each subject before initiation of treatment. Model checking is performed by comparing the observed data with a set of samples of Z ^c drawn from M ₀.     

The Success of the Battered Woman Syndrome: An Analysis of How Cultural Arguments Succeed

This paper examines how certain cultural arguments gain the authority necessary to explain the social problem of domestic violence. I begin by demonstrating the existence of competing explanations for the question of why abusive relationships continue. I find that a certain kind of explanation, multiple victimization arguments that emphasize the numerous ways battered women are victimized, are most common. Through an analysis of social science citations, news papers, and legislative and judicial decisions, I conclude that one multiple victimization argument in particular, Lenore Walker's battered woman syndrome (Walker, 1979, The Battered Woman. New York: Harper & Row; Walker, 1984, The Battered Woman Syndrome. New York: Springer), has become the most recognized explanation for why abusive relationships continue. The syndrome was best able to meet the criteria necessary for gaining cultural authority put forth by Schudson (1989, Theory and Society 18:153–180): retrievability, rhetorical force, resonance, resolution, and institutional retention. In recent years, however, this authority has been threatened as social and cultural conditions have changed, leaving competing understandings of the domestic violence issue to challenge Walker's claims.     

刑事诉讼法构建的基本价值及缺陷分析

对我国刑事诉讼法所构建的公正、人权、秩序、效率等价值进行了归纳和论证 ,并从实例的角度出发探讨了这些价值的缺陷问题 ,提出了在我国要构建完善的刑事诉讼价值体系所应当采取的措施     

现代主义病状的深刻揭示--张爱玲的生存体验及其小说创作

张爱玲小说对现代主义的病状有深刻的揭示,形成了她小说三个互相联系的重要主题:一是彻底的隔离与孤独、二是世界的虚无与荒诞,三是女性在禁闭中疯狂.这三个主题皆与她独特的生存体验密切相关.     

An Exploratory Analysis of Seven Child Welfare Workers who Confused SIDS with Child Maltreatment Fatalities: A Brief Research Report

Abstract

Previous research shows that child welfare workers (CWWs) have low levels of knowledge of risk factors for child maltreatment fatalities. Further, these gaps in knowledge leave CWWs with misconceptions about causes of deaths and the characteristics of the perpetrators. This brief research report focuses on CWWs’ gaps in knowledge with regard to CMFs and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and explores the socio-demographic characteristics of seven workers who confused fatal child maltreatment and SIDS. These workers were experienced professionals—who were in their middle-age, mid-career, and well-educated—and had been trained in how to recognize risk factors for CMFs. Implications for training and collaboration with other professionals are discussed, as well as the need for research to evaluate training efficacy.