贪污贿赂犯罪的社会原因初探

产生贪污贿赂犯罪的原因是多方面的,既有经济的、政治的、思想的原因,也有新旧体制转换时期监督不力的法律本身的问题。预防和打击贪污贿赂犯罪既要多管齐下,长期作战,更要完善法律机制,提高执法水平。     

预防职务犯罪的探讨

职务犯罪已经成为突出的社会问题，新时期预防职务犯罪是摆在我们面前的重要课题。本文分析了职务犯罪的特点、成因和表现，并阐述了预防职务犯罪的具体措施。     

透视中国烟草企业的专利战略

随着中国加入WTO,中国的烟草行业面临着内外压力,技术创新能力是未来烟草企业在参与全球烟草市场竞争时的核心竞争力。面对国外公司在中国专利布局已经基本完成的局面,中国烟草企业应学会运用专利战略,可以采用的专利进攻战略和专利防御战略,两者也可混合运用。     

对女性暴力行为的研究及社会预防控制

当今世界 ,家庭暴力已成为全球性关注的社会问题。本文采用访谈、座谈、文献资料检索等方法 ,从社会问题研究的视角 ,从理论与实践的结合 ,透视对妇女暴力行为所诱发的女性暴力犯罪问题 ,并提出建立良好社会保护环境 ,预防家庭暴力 ,控制女性犯罪的思路。     

Canada's Health Status: A Public Health Perspective1

Health status assessment and disease surveillance are essential to identify and priorize health issues, to evaluate intervention programs and to plan to meet future needs for health services. Canadians currently benefit by having among the highest life expectancies at birth in the world (81 for females, 74 for males). Disability-free life expectancies for females and males, respectively, were 10.1 and 11.3 years lower for the lowest income quintile compared to the highest. Canada's infant mortality rate in 1990 (7/1000 live births) was one of the lowest in the world but within Canada, the rate in the lowest income quintile (10.5/1000 live births) was almost double that in the highest income quintile (5.8/1000 live births). Fair or poor health was reported by 36% of adult Canadians in the lowest income category in 1990 compared to only 5% in the highest income group. The leading causes of premature death for females in 1991 were breast cancer, coronary heart disease, lung cancer, car crashes, birth defects and suicide; those for males were coronary heart disease, suicide, car crashes, lung cancer, birth defects, and AIDS. Lowest income quintile males had mortality rates at least double those for the highest income quintile for alcohol-related conditions, violence, injuries and emphysema. Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal diseases, injuries and respiratory diseases imposed the highest direct and indirect economic costs in Canada in 1986. For all of these conditions, improved prevention is possible. For example, the forecasted tobacco-related deaths before age 70 among current male smokers age 15 will far exceed those due to car crashes, suicide, murder, AIDS, and drug abuse combined. Population aging will aggravate trends for many chronic conditions especially those with increasing incidence rates; there will be large increases in the numbers of persons with aging-related cancers, dementias and other conditions. There is an urgent need for Canadian health jurisdictions to ensure that rational priorities, goals/objectives, strategies, and programs are in place to enhance prevention and disease control.     

On the skew-normal calibration model

In this article, we present the EM-algorithm for performing maximum likelihood estimation of an asymmetric linear calibration model with the assumption of skew-normally distributed error. A simulation study is conducted for evaluating the performance of the calibration estimator with interpolation and extrapolation situations. As one application in a real data set, we fitted the model studied in a dimensional measurement method used for calculating the testicular volume through a caliper and its calibration by using ultrasonography as the standard method. By applying this methodology, we do not need to transform the variables to have symmetrical errors. Another interesting aspect of the approach is that the developed transformation to make the information matrix nonsingular, when the skewness parameter is near zero, leaves the parameter of interest unchanged. Model fitting is implemented and the best choice between the usual calibration model and the model proposed in this article was evaluated by developing the Akaike information criterion, Schwarz’s Bayesian information criterion and Hannan–Quinn criterion.     

“收容”到“救助”：社会治安防控模式的转型

人口管理的新政策为城市社会治安的防控模式由传统向现代的转型提供了良好的制度基础，表现为由单一、静态、管制、以人治为主要手段特征的传统模式向复合、动态、服务、以法治型和追求和谐为终极目标的现代社会治安防控模式的转变。而转型期社会治安防控模式的转变受异质性因素的制约，需要运用积极的举措对其制约因素予以消解。     

College Student Suicide in the United States: 1990-1991 Through 2003-2004

Suggestions that there is a growing epidemic of suicide among college students in the United States are false. The National Survey of Counseling Center Directors reports 1,404 student suicides over a 14-year period and an adjusted suicide rate of 6.5, half the rate of the general US population (12.6 for all races) during this period when matched for gender and age. Counseling centers appear effective in treating suicidal students, for although the suicide rate for students who were currently or previously clients at campus counseling centers is 3 times the rate of other students, student clients have 18 times the risk of suicide compared to students in general. Identifying and referring students at elevated risk for suicide could further reduce the crude and relative rate of student suicide. However, even programs that do this only moderately well may require substantial increases in counseling staffing.     

Acculturation Status and Substance Use Prevention with Mexican and Mexican-American Youth

SUMMARY

This study examined whether language preference, as an indicator of acculturation, moderated the effects of a culturally grounded substance use prevention intervention for Mexican and Mexican American middle school students (N = 2,146) in Phoenix, Arizona. The main hypothesis was that levels of program effectiveness would vary based on the language preference of the students and the specific culturally grounded version of the intervention they were assigned. Findings show that matching language preference to particular versions of the intervention did not influence substance use related program outcomes, but that overall program effects (intervention versus control) did vary by language preference. English-language dominant participants, the most at risk sub-group, responded more positively to the intervention, while Spanish dominant, who had low substance use rates at baseline, and bilingual participants did not demonstrate significant differences between the intervention and control groups. Implications for school social work prevention interventions and prevention science in general, are discussed.